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jail [dZeil] n. 监狱, 看守所 vt. 监禁, 拘留 【同】goal; cell; confine 【例】There are not enough jails, not enough policemen, not enough courts to enforce a law not supported by the people. 再多的监狱、警察和法庭也不足以推行一项得不到人民支持的法律。
jam [dZ<m] n. 1.果酱2.拥挤, 堵塞3.卡住 vt. 1.将...塞进, 堵塞, 挤满2.使卡住3.干扰(广播等) vi. 1.挤入2.卡住 【同】crowd; throng; pack; compress 【例】Natives who beat drums to drive off evil spirits are objects of scorn to smart American motorists who blow horns to break up traffic. 有些时髦的美国驾车者通过按响汽车喇叭以解除交通堵塞，而这些美国人却藐视那些击鼓驱邪的土著人。He spread some apple jam on the bread. 他在面包上涂上苹果酱。Traffic jams in the town happen everyday. 城里的交通天天堵塞。The holiday traffic is jamming the roads. 假日的车辆堵塞了交通。The government tried to jam the guerrillas' telecommunication. 政府设法干扰游击队的无线电通讯。
jar [dZA:] n. 罐子, 广口瓶 v. 1.(使)感到不快, 刺激(神经等)2.震动, 摇动 【例】How much is a jar of peanut butter？一瓶花生酱多少钱？ The iron gate jarred when he opened it. 他开门时，铁门发出刺耳的嘎嘎声。Their opinion jarred with ours. 他们的意见与我们不一致。
jargon ['dZA:gKn] n. 术语, 行话
jaw [dZO:] n. 颌, 颚 【例】On hearing the news, his jaw dropped. 听到这个消息，他惊讶得张口结舌。
jazz [dZ<z] n. 爵士乐
jealous ['dZelKs] a. 1.妒忌的, 猜忌的2.精心守护的 【同】envious; resentful 【例】He that is not jealous is not in love. 不忌妒的就不是爱。They may feel jealous of his success. 他们也许妒嫉他的成功。
jet [dZet] n. 1.喷气式飞机, 喷气式发动机2.喷嘴, 喷射口3.喷射, 喷流 vi. 乘喷气式飞机 【例】He left on the jet plane. 他坐飞机离开了。He cut his wrist so badly that jets of blood spurted out. 他的手腕割伤得很厉害，血阵阵涌出。
jewellry ['dZu:Klri] n. (=jewelry)珠宝(总称)
jog [dZOg] n. 1.慢跑2.(尤指不正当地)轻轻碰撞(或推搡) 【例】He goes jogging every night. 他每晚慢跑。The wagon jogged along on the rough road. 马车沿着崎岖不平的道路颠簸前行。You jogged my elbow and spoiled what I was drawing. 你撞到了我的手肘，弄坏了我正在画的图画。
jolly ['dZOli] a. 快乐的, 高兴的, 愉快的 ad. 很, 非常 vt. 劝服, 哄 【例】Your mother is a jolly, easy-going woman. 你妈妈是个乐呵呵的容易相处的人。He is a jolly good man. 他是一个大好人。It's time we jolly them up. 是给他们鼓劲的时候了。
journal ['dZK:nl] n. 1.杂志, 期刊, 日报2.日志, 日记 【例】He subscribed to a journal this year. 今年他订了一份期刊。
junction ['dZVNkSn] n. 联结点, (道路等的)会合点, 枢纽 【同】reunion; crossroads; joint 【例】The accident happened at one of the country's busiest railway junctions. 事故发生在该国一个极繁忙的铁路交叉点处。They decided to effect a junction of two armies. 他们决定两军会师。
junior ['dZu:niK] a. 1.年少的, 较年幼的2.资历较浅的, 地位较低的 n. 1.年少者2.地位较低者, 晚辈3.(美国中学或大学的)三年级学生 【例】He is studying at a junior middle school. 他正在上初中。
jury ['dZuKri] n. 1.陪审团2.(竞赛或展览的)评判委员会 【同】council; committee; board 【例】A jury consists of twelve persons chosen to decide who has the better way. 陪审团由12个人组成，他们被选来认定哪一方的律师更高明。The jury found the prisoner not guilty. 陪审团认定该囚犯无罪。
justify ['dZVstifai] vt. 证明...正当(或有理), 为...辩护 【同】plead; explain; prove 【例】Work isn’t to make money; you work to justify life. 工作不是为了挣钱，工作是为证明生活值得。Can you justify your action? 你能证明你的行为是正当的吗？ Nothing can justify your cheating on an exam. 任何事情都不能成为你考试作弊的理由。The policeman was justified in shooting the criminal in self-defence. 那个警察出于自卫枪击罪犯是正当防卫。
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keen [ki:n] a. 1.(on)热心的, 渴望的2.敏锐的, 敏捷的3.激烈的, 强烈的4.锋利的, 刺人的 【同】sharp; intelligent; intense; observant 【例】A desire to be observed, considered, esteemed, praised, beloved, and admired by his fellows is one of the earliest as well as the keenest dispositions discovered in the heart of man. 想得到同伴们的关注、重视、尊敬、赞扬、喜爱和倾慕，这是在人们心中发现的不仅最迫切也最久远的本性。That is a keen football match. 那是一场激烈的足球比赛。The razor has a very keen edge. 这把剃刀有锋利的口。
kerosene ['kerKsi:n] n.煤油 【例】There was a kerosene lamp on the table. 桌子上有一盏煤油灯。
kettle ['ketl] n. 水壶 【例】A watched kettle never boils. 心急也没用。
keyboard ['ki:bO:d] n. 键盘
kidnap ['kidn<p] vt. 绑架, 诱拐
kidney ['kidni] n. 肾, 肾脏 【例】Each man has a pair of kidneys. 每个人有一对肾脏。
kilo ['ki:lKu] n. 千克, 公斤
kilowatt ['kilKwOt] n.千瓦(特)
kindergarten ['kindKgA:tn] n. 幼儿园 【例】There are many children in the kindergarten. 那个幼儿园里的孩子很多。It is noisy in the kindergarten. 幼儿园里很嘈杂。
kneel [ni:l] vi. 跪 【例】She knelt down to pray. 她跪下祈祷。
knit [nit] vt. 1.编结, 编织2.使紧密地结合, 使紧凑3.皱紧, 皱(眉) vi. 1.编结, 编织2.(折骨)愈合 【例】She often knits while watching TV. 她常常一边看电视一边织毛衣。
knob [nOb] n. 1.(门、抽屉的)球形把手, 球形柄2.(收音机等的)旋钮3.小块 【同】lump; handle 【例】The knob of this door is dirty. 门上的圆形把手很脏。You may turn the right knob on the TV to switch it on. 你可以拧电视上右边的旋钮把它打开。
knot [nOt] n. 1.(绳等的)结2.(木材上的)节疤3.(航速单位)节 vt. 把...打成结, 把...结牢 【同】loop; inter-twist; inter-lace 【例】Please tie the two ropes together with a secure knot. 请打个结实的结把这两条绳子系在一起。There is a knot in the board. 这块木板上有个结。He knotted a towel about his neck. 他把毛巾系在脖子上。
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label ['leibl] n. 1.标签, 标记2.称号 vt. 1.贴标签于2.把...称为 【同】tag; marker 【例】Don’t rely too much on fables, for too often they are fables. 不要太多地依靠标签，因为它们太的经常属于谎言。Have you attached labels to the luggage? 你给行李系上标签了吗？ He has been given a label of playboy by his friends. 他的朋友给他起了一个花花公子的绰号。
lag [l<g] vi. 走得慢, 落后 n. 滞后, (时间上的)间隔 【同】linger; delay; retard 【例】Truth always lags behind, limping along the arm of Time. 真理扶着时间的臂膀蹒蹦而行，总是落在后面。Interest lags in such matters. 对这类事情的兴趣慢慢减少了。There was a long lag in forwarding mail to us. 转寄给我们的邮件晚了很久才拿到。
landing ['l<ndiN] n.上岸，登陆，着陆
landlady ['l<ndleidi] n.女房东；女地主
landlord ['l<ndlO:d] n. 地主, 房东, (旅店)店主 【例】It's a nice pub, except for the landlord. 酒店很不错，但是那店主却不怎么样。
lane [lein] n. 1.(乡间)小路, 小巷2.车道, 跑道, 泳道3.航道, 航线 【例】That lane will take you to his house. 你从那条小巷就可以走到他家。
lantern ['l<ntKn] n. 灯笼, 提灯 【例】The Chinese palace lanterns are famous for their delicacy. 中国的宫灯以精巧闻名。
largely ['lA:dZli] ad. 大部分, 主要地 【同】chiefly; principally; mainly; roughly 【例】Journalism largely consists in saying “Lord Jones Dead” to people who never knew that Lords Jones was alive. 新闻报道主要是告诉人们琼斯老爷去世了，而他们根本就不知道琼斯老爷在世过。His successes were largely due to luck. 他的成功主要靠运气。His eight sons largely inherited his fortune. 他的八个儿子继承了他的大部分遗产。
lark [lA:k] n. 玩笑，嬉耍 【例】He only said it for a lark. 他只是说着玩而已。She rose with the lark. 她一大早就起床了。
laser ['leizK] n. 激光 【例】Lasers can be used to perform operations nowadays. 现在激光可以用来做手术。
lateral ['l<tKrKl] adj.横向的，侧向的 【同】sidelong; side by side 【例】A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career. 一个平级调动伤害了我的自尊心，阻碍了我的事业，迫使我放弃了社会地位较高的职业。
latitude ['l<titju:d] n. 1.纬度2.[pl.] 纬度地区3.(言语、行动等的)回旋余地, 自由 【同】distance north or south of the equator 【例】Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make latitudes and longitudes. 没有什么比得上有朋在远方更使地球显得如此巨大，因为朋友构成了纬度和经度。The latitude of the island is 30 degrees north. 这个岛的纬度是北纬三十度。The new law allows firms a lot less latitude than before in fixing the price of their goods. 新法律在允许各商行给产品定价的自由上比以前少得多了。
laundry ['lO:ndri] n. 1.洗衣店, 洗衣房2.洗好的衣服, 待洗的衣服 【同】ironing; washing; clothes 【例】Give me a laundry list and I’ll set it to music. 把送洗衣物清单给我，我会把它谱成曲子。Has the laundry come back yet? 洗的衣服送回来了吗？
lavatory ['l<vKtri] n. 厕所, 盥洗室
layer ['leiK] n. 层, 层次 【同】story; zone; stripe 【例】The surface of American society is covered with a layer of democratic paint, but from time to time one can see the old aristocratic colors breaking through. 美国社会的表面涂着一层民主的油漆，但人们不时可以看到昔日贵族政治的色彩露出来。There are several layers of meaning. 有几层不同的含意。Her husband is a brick layer. 她丈夫是个砌砖匠。
layout ['leiaut] n. 布局，安排，设计 【同】arrangement; design; organization 【例】A magazine’s attractive new page layout is very important. 杂志醒目新颖的版面编排非常重要。
leading ['lediN] a. 1.最重要的, 主要的2.首位的, 带头的, 领衔的
leaflet ['li:flit] n. 传单, 散页印刷品, 小册子 v. (向...)散发传单(或小册子) 【例】I pick up a leaflet about the care of teeth. 我拿起一张宣传保护牙齿的传单。They distributed leaflets to customers. 他们给客户散发传单。
leak [li:k] v. 1.(使)漏, (使)渗出2.泄露, 走漏 n. 1.漏洞, 裂缝2.泄漏, 漏出量3.(消息等的)走漏 【同】drip; flow; split 【例】A small leak will sink a great ship. 小小的漏洞会使一条大船沉没。There is a leak in the roof. 屋顶有一个漏洞。Can you smell a gas leak? 你能闻到煤气漏气吗？ Who leaked the news to the press? 谁将新闻泄露给新闻界的？
leakage ['li:kidZ] n.漏，泄漏；漏出物
learned ['lK:nid] a. 1.有学问的, 博学的2.学术的
learning ['lK:niN] n. 知识, 学问
legal ['li:gl] a. 1.法律(上)的2.合法的, 法定的 【例】He is the only legal heir of the rich man. 他是这位富翁的唯一法定继承人。
legend ['ledZKnd] n. 1.传说, 传奇故事2.传奇人物 【同】fold; myth; story 【例】Silence makes legend. 沉默造成传奇。The musician made the legend into a beautiful ballad. 这位音乐家把传说编成了一首美丽的民谣。He is a legend in his lifetime for his scientific discoveries. 他的科学发现使他一生成为传奇人物。
lemon ['lemKn] n. 1.柠檬(树)2.柠檬黄, 淡黄色 【例】There is a lemon tree in our garden. 我们的花园里有一棵柠檬树。
lessen ['lesn] vt.减少 vi.变少 【同】diminish; decrease; reduce 【例】Love lessens a woman’s delicacy and increases man’s. 恋爱减少女子的矜持而增加男子的斯文。The pain was already lessening. 疼痛已在减轻。
lesser ['lesK] a. 较小的，次要的 【例】This is the lesser evil of the two. 这是两种弊病中较轻的。He is stubborn, and so is she, but to a lesser degree. 他很固执，她也固执，不过程度轻些。
lest [lest] conj. 唯恐, 免得 【例】They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard. 他们低声说话，唯恐被别人听见。
lever ['li:vK] n. 1.杠, 杠杆2.途径, 工具手段vt. (用杠杆)撬动, 撬起 【同】tool; lifting arm; lifter 【例】Intelligence and wisdom is the lever propping up the society. 聪明才智是支撑社会的杠杆。Move this lever to change gear. 换档时扳动这根操纵杆。This latest incident may be the lever needed to change government policy. 最近的事件或许可以作为迫使政府改变政策 所需的手段。
liability [,laiK'biliti] n. 1.责任2.[pl.] 负债, 债务3.不利条件, 起妨碍作用的人(或物) 【同】obligation; responsibility; debt 【例】Don’t admit liability for the accident. 不要承认对事故有责任。Taking extra vitamins may reduce your liability to colds. 多吃一些维生素会减少你得感冒的可能性。If your liabilities exceed your assets, you may go bankrupt. 如果你所负的债超过你的资产，你就会破 产。The judge exempted them from all liability in these matters. 法官免除了他们在这些事上的所有责任和义务。
liable ['laiKbl] a. 1.(to)可能的, 大概的2.(for)有法律责任的, 有义务的3.(to)易于...的, 有...倾向的, 易患...病的 【同】answerable; subject; responsible 【例】Under the influence either of poverty or of wealth workmen and their work are equally liable to degenerate. 工匠及其工作无论受到贫困还是财富影响。都同样易于退化。Every man is liable to error. 人人都可能犯错误。He was not liable for his son's debts. 他对自己儿子的债务没有责任偿还。
liberal ['libKrKl] a. 1.心胸宽阔的, 开明的2.自由的, 不受约束的3.(指政治观点上的)自由主义4.慷慨的, 大方的 【同】unselfish; generous; plentiful 【例】The only sure weapon against bad ideas is better ideas. The source of better ideas is wisdom. The surest path to wisdom is a liberal education. 对付糟糕的主意惟一有效的武器是高明一些的主意。高明些的主意是来源是智慧。通向智慧的最可靠道路是强调广泛基础知识的大学教育。He returned from abroad with very liberal ideas. 他带着非常开明的思想从国外回来了。He is liberal with his money. 他用钱慷慨。There was a liberal supply of drinks at the party. 那次宴会上有大量饮料供应。
licence ['laisns] n. 1.许可证, 执照2.许可, 特许
lick [lik] vt. 1.舔, 舔吃2.打败, 克服3.(波浪)轻拍, (火焰)吞卷 n. 1.舔2.少量, 少许 【例】The kitty licked up the milk. 小猫舔光了牛奶。
lighten ['laitn] vt.照亮，使明亮 【例】Her heart lightened when she heard the news. 听到这消息，她轻松了。A solitary candle lightened the darkness of the room. 一支孤烛使黑暗的房间亮了起来。
lighter ['laitK] n.打火机，引燃器 【例】He asked me if I had a cigarette lighter with me. 他问我身上是否带着打火机。
lightly ['laitli] ad.轻轻地，轻松地 【例】He pressed lightly on the handle. 他轻轻按下手柄。You shouldn't take the matter lightly. 你不应对此事掉以轻心。
likelihood ['laiklihud] n. 可能, 可能性 【同】possibility; probability 【例】In a likelihood the meeting will be cancelled. 会议十之八九要取消。
likely ['laikli] a. 1.可能的, 有希望的2.适合的 ad. 可能 【例】I'm likely to be very busy tomorrow. 明天我可能很忙。They'll very likely ask for an increase in the budget. 他们很可能会要求增加预算。
likewise ['laikwaiz] ad. 1.同样地, 照样地2.也, 又 【例】Watch him and do likewise. 注意看着他然后照样做。
lime [laim] n.石灰 【例】He added some water into the lime. 他往石灰里加了些水。
limestone ['laimstKun] n.石灰石 【例】We may burn limestone to obtain lime. 我们可以通过烧石灰石来得到石灰。
limitation [,limi'teiSn] n. 1.限制, 限度2.[常pl.] 局限 【同】restriction; prevention; restraint 【例】Genius may have its limitation, but stupidity is not thus handicapped. 天才可能有其局限，愚蠢则不受此类妨碍。The government has imposed limitation on imports. 政府已经对进口加以了限制。
limited ['limitid] a. 有限的
linger ['liNgK] vi. 1.(因不愿离开而)继续逗留, 留恋徘徊2.(on)继续存留, 缓慢消失 【同】go reluctantly; go slowly 【例】Winter lingered so long in the lap of Spring that it occasioned a great deal of talk. 冬天如此地赖在春天的膝上迟迟不去，惹起了多少人议论纷纷。He lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home. 别人回家后，他仍在学校外面徘徊。The beautiful melody is lingering in my mind. 美妙的音乐在我心中回荡。
link [liNk] v. 连接, 联系 n. 环节, 联系, 纽带 【例】The road links all the new towns. 这条路把所有的新城镇都连接起来了。Is there a link between smoking and lung disease? 吸烟与肺部疾病之间有关系吗？
literally ['litKrKli] n. 1.逐字地, 照原文, 照字面地2.确实地, 真正地3.简直
literary ['litKrKri] a. 1.文学(上)的2.文人, 书卷气的 【同】bookish; learned 【例】He had a literary taste and was well read in science. 他有文学爱好，也熟谙科学。
litre ['li:tK] n. 升
liver ['livK] n. 肝 【例】The doctor says it's just a touch of liver. 医生说肝脏稍有些毛病。
living-room ['liviN-ru:m] n. 起居室, 客厅
loaf [lKuf] n. (一个)面包 vi. 游荡, 闲逛 【例】He bought a loaf of bread. 他买了一大块奶酪。We loafed for hours in the park. 我们在公园里闲逛了几个小时。Don't loaf away your time. 别浪费你的时间。
lobby ['lObi] n. 1.(旅馆、戏院等的)大厅, 休息室2.院外活动集团 v. 向(议员等)进行游说(或疏通) 【例】The anti-nuclear lobby is becoming stronger. 向议员游说的反核群众声势渐强。I waited for her in the lobby of theatre yesterday. 昨天我在戏院的大厅等她。
locality [lKu'k<liti] n. 地区, 地点 【例】There are several supermarkets in the locality. 这个地区有好几家超市。
locate [lKu'keit] vt. 1.探明, 找出2.把...设置在, 使坐落于 【同】find; discover; settle 【例】A crisis is an international incident that lasts long enough for us to locate it on the map. 危机就是延续足以让我们在地图上找到它的国际事件。The company wished to locate its new factory beside the river. 这家公司希望把新工厂设在河边。After he retires he's going to locate in California. 他打算退休后到加里弗尼亚定居。
location [lKu'keiSn] n. 1.位置, 场所2.(电影的)外景拍摄地 【例】The town is a good location for a young doctor. 这个小镇很适宜于一位青年医生安家。
locker ['lOkK] n. 公共场所供个人使用的)寄物柜
locomotive [,lKukK'mKutiv] n. 机车 【例】He is a locomotive engineer. 他是一名火车司机。The steam locomotives were superseded by diesel units. 蒸汽机车已被柴油内燃机车所取代。
lodging ['lOdZiN] n.寄宿，住宿；住所 【例】Where can we find lodgings for the night? 我们今天在哪找寄宿处？
logic ['lOdZik] n. 逻辑(学), 逻辑性 【例】I didn't follow her logic. 我不理解她的逻辑。There's no logic in spending money on things you don't need. 把钱花在不需要的东西上是没有道理的。
longing ['lONiN] n.渴望，思慕 【同】appetite; desire; lust; wish 【例】With pleasure drugged, he almost longed for woe. 对欢乐业已麻木他几乎是渴望着痛苦。
longitude ['lOndZitju:d] n. 经度 【例】The town is at longitude 24 degrees east. 这个镇位于东经二十四度。
loosely ['lu:sli] ad.松松地，松散地
loudspeaker [laud'spi:kK] n.扬声器, 喇叭 【例】The police addressed the crowd through a loudspeaker on their car. 警察通过他们汽车上的喇叭向人群喊话。
lounge [laundZ] n.休息厅, 休息室 vt. 1. （懒洋洋地）倚，（懒散地）躺2.闲逛，闲荡 【例】She is waiting for me in the departure lounge. 她在候机室等我。Don't lounge around all day: do something! 别整天闲逛，做点事情吧!
loyalty ['lOiKlti] n.忠诚，忠心 【同】faithfulness; devotion; obedience 【例】Loyalty is what we seek in friendship. 我们在友谊中寻求的是忠诚。Once he took the vow his loyalty never wavered. 他一旦宣了誓，他就一直忠贞不渝。
lubricate ['lu:brikeit] vt. 使润滑 【同】grease; oil 【例】The engine should be lubricated before being ignited. 点火前应该给机器上油。
lunar ['lu:nK] a. 月的, 月球的 【例】It was reported that there would be a lunar eclipse tomorrow evening. 据报道说，明天晚上有月食。
luxury ['lVkSKri] n.1.奢侈, 华贵2.奢侈品 【同】indulgence; excess; enjoyment 【例】Pessimism is a luxury that a Jew can never allow himself. 悲观是犹太人绝对不允许自己享有一种奢侈。She has lived in luxury all her life. 她一生生活奢侈。A long hot bath can be pure luxury. 洗个痛快的热水澡可真是一种至高的享受。
M
macroscopic [,m<krK'skOpik] a. 肉眼可见的
magnet ['m<gnit] n.1.磁铁, 磁体2.有吸引力的人(或事物) 【例】Forbidden City is a great magnet for foreign tourists. 紫禁城对外国旅游者来说是个有巨大吸引力 的地方。
magnetic [m<g'netik] a. 1.磁的, 有磁性的2.有吸引力的, 有魅力的 【同】influential; charming; attractive 【例】Listening is a magnetic and strange thing, a creative force. The friends who listen to us are the ones we move toward, and we want to sit in their radius. When we are listened to, it creates us, makes us unfold and expand. 倾听是有吸引力的奇异现象，是引发的力量。能够倾听的朋友是我们所追求的，我们愿意处于他们的倾听范围之内。得到倾听的时候，它引发我们，使我们展并张大。The loop becomes magnetic when the current is switched on. 通电时线圈就会有磁性。She has a magnetic personality. 她具有极具吸引力的性格。
magnetism ['m<gnitizKm] n.磁；魅力；催眠术 【例】He persuaded them to join him by the sheer magnetism of his personality. 他完全是靠个人的魅力，说服他们和他在一起干。
magnificent [m<g'nifisnt] a. 1.壮丽的, 宏伟的2.豪华的, 华丽的3.极好的 【例】What a magnificent future! 多么美好的未来啊! These magnificent palaces impressed the foreigners deeply. 这些宏伟的宫殿给外宾们留下了深刻的印象。
magnify ['m<gnifai] vt. 1.放大, 扩大2.夸大, 夸张 【同】enlarge; amplify; exaggerate 【例】Mystery magnifies danger as the fog the sun. 神秘放大危险，犹如雾气放大太阳。The microscope magnified the object 100 times. 这台显微镜将物体放大了100倍。
magnitude ['m<gnitju:d] n.1.重要性, 重大2.巨大, 广大 【例】The magnitude of the epidemic was frightening. 这种流行病传播范围之广令人惶惶不安。You haven't realized the magnitude of her achievement. 你没有认识到她这一成就的重大意义。
mainland ['meinl<nd] n.大陆 【例】There are many interested animals in the mainland. 在这块大陆上有很多有趣的动物。
maintenance ['meintKnKns] n.1.维修, 保养2.扶养费3.维持, 保持 【同】preservation; support; sustaining 【例】He’s taking classes in car maintenance. 他正在上汽车修理课。He's taking classes in car maintenance. 他正在上汽车维修课。He had to work hard for the maintenance of his family. 他为了养家不得不去拼命工作。
make-up ['meik-Vp] n. 组织；性格；化装品；捏造
male [meil] a. 男(性)的, 雄的 n.男子, 雄性动物, 雄性植物 【例】This flower is a male flower. 这朵花是雄花。The male is physically stronger than the female. 男性在身体上要比女性强壮。The male hunts for food while his mate guards the nest. 雌性动物守巢时，雄性动物猎食。
malfunction [,m<l'fVNkSn] n. 故障
maltreat [,m<l'tri:t] v. 虐待
manifest ['m<nifest] a. 明显的, 显然的, 明了的 vt. 1.显示, 表明, 证明2.使显现, 使显露 【同】display; exhibit; reveal; expose 【例】No amount of manifest absurdity … could deter those who wanted to believe from believing. 无论明显的荒唐有多大……都无法阻止那些由于相信而相信的人。His generosity manifests itself in times of need. 他的慷慨在困境中表现了出来。It manifested itself to all of us. 那对我们大家来说是显而易见的。
manipulate [mK'nipjuleit] vt. 1.操纵, 控制, 影响2.(熟练地)操作, 使用 【同】handle; shape; plan; manage 【例】We must not try to life; rather we must find out what life demands of us, and train ourselves to fulfill these demands. It is a long and humble business. 我们不可试图操纵人生，而是必须弄清人生对我们的要求，训练自己满足这些要求。这是一项长期而卑下的任务。
manly ['m<nli] a.男子气概的，果断的 【例】He looks very manly in his uniform. 他穿着制服十分精神。
manual ['m<njuKl] a. 用手的, 手工做的 n.手册, 指南 【同】by hand; handout 【例】To read the Bible as literature is like reading Moby Dick as a whaling manual or the Gettysburg Address for its punctuation. 把《圣经》当成文学作品来读，犹如将《白鲸》当成捕鲸手册看或为了学习标点法而读葛底斯堡演说。Making small models requires manual skill. 制作小模型要手巧。A maintenance manual gives diagrams and instructions for repairing your car. 维修手册向您提供修理汽车所需的图表和说明。
manuscript ['m<njuskript] n.1.手稿, 原稿, 底稿2.手写本 【同】composition; writing; original 【例】Manuscript is something submitted in haste and returned at leisure. 手稿就是交稿时十分火急、归还慢条斯理的东西。I read his novel in manuscript. 我看过他小说的手稿。
marginal ['mA:dZinl] a. 1.微小的, 少量的, 不重要的2.仅以微弱多数票获胜的3.记(或印)在页边的, 有旁注的 【同】rimming; edging; verging 【例】There are lots of marginal notes in this book. 这本书里有很多页边注解。
marine [mK'ri:n] n.海军陆战队士兵a. 1.海(洋)的, 海生的, 海产的2.海军的3.海事的, 海运的 【同】maritime; oceanic 【例】He is a marine painter. 他是位海景画家。The rocks are covered by marine plants. 岩石被海生植物所覆盖。
married ['m<rid] a. 已婚的, 婚姻的
marvellous ['mA:vKlKs] a. 奇迹般的, 惊人的, 了不起的 【例】Their performance was marvellous. 他们的演出太精彩了。
mask [mA:sk] n.1.面具, 面罩, 口罩2.假面具, 伪装 vt. 1.用面具遮住, 遮盖2.掩饰, 掩盖 【同】disguise; protection; hide 【例】Pride is the mask of one’s own faults. 骄傲是人自身错误的面具。They did so under the mask of charity. 他们是打着慈善的幌子这么做的。Her smile masked true feelings. 她的微笑掩饰了她的感情。
massive ['m<siv] a. 1.大的, 大而重的, 大块的2.大量的, 大规模的 【同】huge; heavy; extensive; large 【例】So massive was the effort to found the Roman nation. 建立罗马国家的工作是如此巨大。The soldier suffered a massive hemorrhage and died soon after. 那个战士经受了大量出血的痛苦，不久便去世了。
masterpiece ['mA:stKpi:s] n.杰作 【同】perfection; model; standard 【例】When love and skill work together, expect a masterpiece. 当热爱和技艺一起工作时，一件杰作就在预期之中。This book is his masterpiece. 这本书是他的杰作。
materialism [mK'tiKriKlizKm] n.唯物主义
mathematical [,m<TK'm<tikl] a. 数学(上)的 【例】He is a mathematical genius. 他是一个数学天才。It's a mathematical certainty. 这事绝对肯定。
mature [mK'tjuK] a. 1.熟的, 成熟的2.成年人的3.深思熟虑的, 慎重的4.(票据等)到期的, 应支付的 v. (使)成熟, (使)长成 【同】ripen; evolve; grow 【例】Love is quiet understanding and the mature acceptance of imperfection. 爱情是静静的理解和对不足之处的成熟接受。His character has greatly matured in the years. 这些年他的性格已大大成熟。She matured her novel by constant revision. 她不断修改自己的小说以使其趋于完善。
maximum ['m<ksimKm] a. 最高的, 最大的, 顶点的 n.最大限度, 最大量, 顶点 【同】supreme; highest; greatest 【例】Marriage is popular because it combines the maximum of temptation with the maximum of opportunity. 婚姻之所流行，是由于它将最大限度诱惑与最大限度相遇结合在一起。最大的危险包含着的最大的希望。This hall holds a maximum of seventy people. 这厅最多容纳七十人。The maximum temperature in July may be 36℃. 七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。The maximum load for this lorry is one ton. 这辆卡车最大载重量是一吨。
means [mi:nz] n.1.方法, 手段, 工具2.金钱, 财产
meantime ['mi:ntaim] n.其时, 其间 【例】You buy the fruits, in the meantime I'll cook breakfast. 你去买水果，同时我来做早餐。
measurable ['meZKrKbl] a.可测量的
mechanic [mi'k<nik] n.1.技工, 机修工2.[-s] 力学, 机械学3.[pl.] (制作或操作的)过程, 方法, 技术性细节 【例】That young man is a motor mechanic. 那个年轻人是一个汽车修理工。He has natural ability, but has yet to learn the mechanics of his chosen work. 他很有天分，但对选择的工作该怎样处理，他仍得好好学习。He failed in the examination of mechanics. 他没通过力学考试。
mechanical [mi'k<nikl] a. 1.机械的, 机械制造的2.机械学的, 力学的3.机械似的, 呆板的 【例】He was asked the same question so many times that the answer became mechanical. 同样的问题人们向他问得太多了，所以他的答案也是千篇一律。We need a mechanical digger to level the ground. 我们需要一台挖掘机来平整土地。
mechanics [mi'k<niks] n.力学；技术性细节
media ['mi:diK] n.新闻媒介, 传播媒介
melon ['melKn] n.瓜, 甜瓜 【例】He picked a melon from the field. 他从地里摘了一个甜瓜。
membership ['membKSip] n.1.会员身份(或资格、地位), 会籍2.全体会员, 会员数 【例】I must renew my membership of the sailing club. 我必须延续我的航海俱乐部会员资格。We are trying to increase our membership. 我们正准备增收会员。
memorial [mi'mO:riKl] a. 纪念的, 悼念的 n.纪念碑, 纪念堂, 纪念仪式 【同】monument; ceremony; celebration 【例】Our sweetest memorial is the first kiss of love. 我们最早甜蜜的纪念是恋爱时的第一个吻。He was often seen at funerals and memorials. 人们经常在葬礼和追悼会上见到他。
merchandise ['mK:tSKndaiz] n.[总称] 商品, 货物 vt. 买卖, 经营 【同】goods; commodity 【例】Some merchandise is displayed in the shop window. 一些商品陈列在商店橱窗里。Their merchandise is of high quality. 他们的货物质量很好。
merciful ['mK:sifKl] adj.仁慈的，宽大的 【例】The merciful king saved him from death. 仁慈的国王免他一死。
mercury ['mK:kjuri] n.水银, 汞 【例】The mercury is rising. 温度正在上升。He has no mercury in him. 他没有精神。
merit ['merit] n.1.长处, 优点, 价值2.功绩, 功劳, 成绩 vt. 值得, 应受 【同】be worth; warrant; justify; credit; value 【例】Friendship is really the most sacred, which merits only special worship but also eternal praise. 友谊实在是最神圣的东西，不仅值得特别尊敬，而且值得永远赞颂。There is little merit in passing the examination if you cheated. 如果你作弊，考试及格也没什么价值。
mess [mes] n.1.凌乱状态, 脏乱2.混乱的局面, 困境 vt. 弄糟, 弄脏, 搞乱 【同】mixture; combination; compound 【例】The local economy is now in a mess. 当地的经济现在很混乱。Who messed up my papers? 谁把我的文件搞得乱七八糟？ Stop messing about my work! 别再妨碍我工作! Success is relative. It is what we can make of the mess we have made of things. 成功是相对的：它是我们把事情弄得一团糟之后所能收拾出来的结局。
metric ['metrik] a. 公制的, 米制的 【例】Most countries adopt metric system. 大多数国家采用米制。
mice [mais] n. [pl.] 鼠
microcomputer ['maikrKkKmp'ju:tK] n. 微型计算机
microphone ['maikrKfKun] n.扩音器, 麦克风, 话筒 【例】The lecturer speaks through a microphone. 演讲者通过麦克风说话。
microprocessor ['maikrKprKu'sesK] n.微处理机
microscopic [,maikrK'skOpik] a.显微镜的，微观的 【例】We can't see microscopic creature with naked eyes. 我们不能用肉眼看到微生物。The doctor had a microscopic examination of traces of blood. 医生用显微镜作了血迹检查。
microwave ['maikrKuweiv] n. 微波
midst [midst] n.中部, 中间, 当中
migrate [mai'greit] vi. 1.(候鸟等)迁徙, 移栖2.移居(尤指移居国外), 迁移 【同】move; emigrate; immigrate 【例】These birds migrate to North Africa in winter. 这些鸟冬天迁移到北非。Some tribes migrate with their cattle in search of fresh grass. 有些部落为了寻找新鲜的牧草而带着他们的 牲畜迁移。
milky ['milki] a.牛奶的；乳白色的 【例】I like my coffee milky. 我喜欢喝有牛奶的咖啡。
millimetre ['milimi:tK] n.毫米
miniature ['minKtSK] a. 小型的, 微小的 n.1.微小的模型, 缩影2.微型画, 微型人物像 【同】tiny; small-scale; diminutive 【例】A day is the miniature of eternity. 一天是永恒的缩影。He showed me the miniature of the mansion. 他给我显示了大厦的模型。He owns a detailed miniature of the Titanic. 他有一艘泰坦尼克号的精致小模型。She is just like her mother in miniature. 她简直是她母亲的缩影。I drank a miniature bottle of brandy last night. 我昨晚喝了一小瓶白兰地。
minimize ['minimaiz] vt. 1.使减少(或缩小)到最低限度2.极力贬低, 对...作最低估计 【同】lessen; reduce; decrease 【例】To minimize the risk of burglary, install a good alarm system. 安装可靠的报警设备以减低被盗的风险。
minimum ['minimKm] a. 最低的, 最小的 n.最低限度, 最少量 【例】20p is the minimum fare on buses. 公共汽车的票价最低是20便士。Repairing your car will cost a minimum of 100 dollars. 修理你的汽车最低限度要100美元。The class needs a minimum of 6 pupils to continue. 这个班最低限度要六个学生才可以继续办下去。
ministry ['ministri] n.(政府的)部 【例】The army, navy and airforce are all controlled by the Ministry of Defense. 陆海空军皆由国防部控制。
minor ['mainK] a. 1.较小的, 较少的2.次要的 n.1.未成年人2.副修科目 vi. (in)(大学中)副修 【例】I made minor alterations to the article. 我对这篇文章作了小规模的修改。She acted as a minor role in the play. 她在剧中扮演了一个次要的角色。
minority [mai'nOriti] n.1.少数, 少数派2.少数民族 【例】Only a minority of British households do not have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。A small minority voted against the motion. 投票反对该提议的人占少数。There are 55 minorities in our country. 我国有55个少数民族。
minus ['mainKs] prep. 减(去) n.1.负数2.减号 a. 负的, 减去的 【例】Let's consider the pluses and minuses of moving house. 咱们考虑一下搬家的利弊吧。I got B minus in the test. 我在考试中得了个B-。Seven minus three equals four. 七减三等于四。
miracle ['mirKkl] n. 奇迹, 令人惊奇的人(或事) 【同】marvel; wonder 【例】Miracles sometimes occur, but one has to work terrible hard for them. 奇迹有时会发生，但你得为之付出艰苦的劳动。Her life was saved by a miracle. 她的生命是靠奇迹救活的。He understands his part to a miracle. 他对他扮演的角色理解得细微之至。
mischief ['mistSif] n.1.恶作剧, 胡闹, 捣蛋2.淘气, 顽皮3.损害, 伤害, 危害 【同】evil; damage; trouble 【例】It is difficult to say who do you the most mischief enemy with the worst intentions or friends with the best. 很难说谁会给你造成最大的伤害：是充满恶意的敌人、还是怀善意的朋友。The wind played mischief with my papers. 风把我的文章吹得乱七八糟。I try to keep the boy out of mischief. 我尽量不让这个男孩胡闹。
miserable ['mizrKbl] a. 1.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜的2.令人难受的(或痛苦)的 【例】There are still many people whose living conditions are miserable. 仍有许多人的生活条件是很艰苦的。The play was a miserable failure. 这出戏演砸了。
misfortune [,mis'fO:tSu:n] n.1.不幸, 厄运, 灾难, 灾祸2.不幸事故, 灾难, 灾祸 【同】ill luck; difficulty; disaster 【例】No misfortune can be as great as the loss of time. 再大的不幸也比不上时间的损失。He had the misfortune to fall ill on the day of the examination. 他很倒霉，在考试当天生病了。
missile ['misail] n.1.导弹, 飞弹2.投射物 【同】weapon; shot; bulletin 【例】If it is your time love will track you down like a cruise missile. If you say No! I don’t want it right now. That’s when you’ll get it for me. 如果时候到了，爱情就会像巡航导弹一样追逐你。如果你说不! 我现不想要，那就是你肯定躲不开它的时候。The huge ship was sunk by a homing missile. 这只巨大的军舰被一枚自动寻的导弹击中。Demonstrators attacked the police, using sticks and assorted missiles. 示威者用棍棒和各种投掷物攻击警察。
missing ['misiN] a. 缺掉的, 失踪的, 找不到的
mission ['miSn] n.1.使命, 任务, 天职2.代表团, 使团 【同】commission; charge 【例】It is man’s mission to learn to understand. 人的使命就学会理解。He has been on confidential missions to Berlin. 他前往柏林执行秘密任务。An official mission was sent to settle the dispute. 一个官方使团被派去解决争端。
mist [mist] n.薄雾 v. (使)蒙上薄雾, (使)模糊 【同】drizzle; fog; rain 【例】Our desire leads the colors of the rainbow to the mere mists and vapors of life. 我们的理想只有雾霭的生活梁上了虹彩。Everything was covered in mist. 一切都笼罩在雾霭中。She could hardly recognize her son through the mist of tears that filled her eyes. 她泪眼蒙蒙，几乎不能认出自己的儿子。
misunderstand [,mis,VndK'st<nd] vt. 误解, 误会 【例】They pretend to misunderstand my complaint. 他们假装误解了我的投诉。
moan [mKun] vi. 1.呻吟, 呜咽2.(about)抱怨, 发牢骚 vt. 抱怨 n.1.呻吟声, 呜咽声2.怨声, 牢骚 【同】groan; grumble; bemoan 【例】Nothing begins and nothing ends that is not paid with moan; For we are born in other’s pain, and perish in our own. 没有一件事的开始和结束不付出呻吟，因为我们都在别人的痛苦中出生，在自己的痛苦中死去。Each time she moved her leg, she let out a moan. 每次她动一下腿，就发出一声呻吟。He moaned about his misfortunes to anyone who would listen. 他向每一个愿意听的人抱怨他的不幸。Pop stars are always moaning about being mobbed by their fans. 流行歌星总是抱怨他们受到歌迷的包围。
mobile ['mKubail] a. 1.运动的, 活动的, 可动的2.流动的, 机动的3.多变的, 易变的 n.移动电话 【同】unstationary; movable; motorized 【例】They are mobile artilleries. 我们都是机动炮兵。She is much more mobile now that she has a car. 她现在出去方便多了，她有了一辆汽车。
mobilise ['mKubilaiz] vt.(=mobilize) 1.动员2.调动, 鼓动起 vi. 动员起来
mode [mKud] n.方式, 样式, 风格 【例】The country girl was not used to their lavish mode of living. 这个乡下姑娘不习惯他们奢侈的生活方式。The spacecraft was in its recovery mode. 这艘飞船处于返回状态。Living separately from parents after marriage is all the mode today. 婚后与父母分开住非常流行。
moderate ['mOdKrKt] a. 1.中等的, 一般的2.温和的, 稳健的3.有节制的, 适度的v. (使)和缓, (使)减轻, (使)减弱 n.持温和观点者 【同】reasonably; slightly; temperately 【例】Half the vices which the world condemns most loudly have seeds of good in them and require moderate use rather than total abstinence. 世人指责声音最大的不良做法，有一半包含好的因素，需要适度的采用而非完全的戒除。He usually drives at a moderate speed. 他通常中速驾驶。The wind was strong all day, but it moderated after sunset. 风猛烈地刮了一整天后，日落后变小了。He moderated on a weekly panel show. 他主持每周的讨论节目。The moderates have plenty to be anxious about. 温和派有许多问题要担忧。When we take part in one or another kind of physical exercise, whether it be violent sports such as running, playing football or moderate sports like swimming, jogging, our blood circulation is quickened so that more oxygen is taken in and more waste matter is excreted through sweating. 当我们参加某一种体育锻炼时，无论是像长跑或踢足球一类的剧烈项目，还是像游泳或慢跑这样的温和项目，血液的循环可以得到加快，身体内可摄入更多的养分，通过出汗也可将更多的废物排泄出来。。
modest ['mOdist] a. 1.谦虚的, 谦逊的2.适中的, 适度的, 不太多的3.羞怯的 【例】She is very modest about her success. 她对自己的成就很谦虚。Young girls must be modest in speech, dress and behavior. 年轻姑娘必须言词谨慎，衣着得体，行为端庄。I bought the house at a modest price. 我以适中的价格买下了这所房子。
modesty ['mOdisti] n.谦虚
modification [,mOdifi'keiSn] n.缓和；修改；修饰
modify ['mOdifai] vt. 1.修改, 更改2.(语法上)修饰 【同】alter; correct; adjust 【例】In science the important thing is to modify and change one’s ideas as science advance. 在科学领域，重要的是随着科学的发展修正和改变自己的见解。The union has been forced to slightly modify its position. 工会被迫稍稍改变立场。The policy was agreed by the committee, but only in a modified form. 那项政策经修改后才获得委员会同意。
moist [mOist] a. 潮湿的, 湿润的 【例】The clothes are still moist. Dry them in the sun. 这些衣服还是湿的，把他们在太阳下晾干。The moist season has set in. 雨季已来临。
moisture ['mOistSK] n.潮湿, 湿气 【同】humidity; wetness 【例】Power and liberty are like heat and moisture; where they are well mixed, everything prospers; where they are single, they are destructive. 权力和自由有如热度与温度。二者调和适宜的地方万物繁荣，各自为政之处均成破坏力量。The kitchen's stone floor was shining with moisture. 厨房的石板地受了潮闪闪发亮。
molecule ['mOlikju:l] n.分子 【例】We can see many molecules flying in the air when a sunbeam penetrated the dark room. 当一束光线穿进暗淡的房间时，我们可以看到空气中有许多小颗粒在飞舞。
monetary ['mVnitri] a. 钱的, 货币的, 金融的 【例】The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold. 过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
monopoly [mK'nOpKli] n.1.垄断, 专卖2.垄断物, 垄断商品, 专卖商品 【同】patent; trust; pool 【例】Liberty and monopoly cannot live together. 自由与垄断不能并存。The telecommunication service is a government monopoly. 电信为政府专营。He seems to think he has a monopoly of brains. 他似乎认为只有他才聪明。
monotonous [mK'nOtKnKs] a. 单调无聊的, 毫无变化的 【例】I do not like my monotonous work. 我不喜欢我那单调乏味的工作。I only heard a monotonous voice of the singer. 我只听到那个歌唱家单调的声音。显然，穿校服会使学校生活乏味单调。Suppose there were only one style of literature, people would not appreciate so abundant poetry and novels and our world would become so monotonous. 假如只有一种文学形式，人们就不会欣赏到大量的诗歌和小说，并且我们的世界就不会变得这样丰富多彩。
monstrous ['mOnstrKs] a.可怕的；极大的 【同】enormous; outrageous; flagrant 【例】The tree planted by the magician quickly grew to a monstrous height. 魔术师种下的树很快就长得极其高大。
monument ['mOnjumKnt] n.1.纪念碑, 纪念馆2.历史遗迹 【同】milestone; memorial 【例】Peace has its victories no less than war, but it doesn’t have as many monuments to unveil. 和平自有不少于战争的胜利，但没有那以多的纪念碑揭幕。They dedicated a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake. 他们为悼念死于大地震的人们建造纪念碑。
mood [mu:d] n.1.心情, 情绪2.(动词的)语气 【例】She's too tired and in no mood for dancing. 她太累了，没有心情跳舞。
moral ['mOrKl] a.道德上的, 有道德的 n. 1.[pl.] 道德, 品行, 道德规范2.寓意 【同】noble; reliable; upright 【例】Everything’s got a moral, if only you can find it. 每件事情都有其寓意，只要你能够找出它来。He lived a moral life after marriage. 他婚后过着合乎道德规范的生活。A baby isn't born with a moral sense. 孩子并不是生来就有是非感的。You may draw your own moral from it. 你可以从中得出自己的教训。
morality [mK'r<liti] n.1.道德, (行为等的)道德性2.德性, 品行3.道德观, 道德规范 【同】death; extinction; destruction 【例】Morality is what the majority then and there happen to like and immorality is what they dislike. 道德就是大多数人在一定时间、一定地点正好喜欢的东西，不道德的则是他们所不喜欢的。Have standards of morality improved? 道德标准是否有所改进？ They are discussing the morality of abortion. 他们正在讨论堕胎的道德性。
moreover [mO:'rKuvK] ad. 而且, 再者, 此外 【例】The composition is a not well written, and moreover, there are many spelling mistakes in it. 这篇作文写得不好，而且，还有许多拼写错误。
mortgage ['mO:gidZ] n.抵押, 抵押借款 vt. 抵押 【同】give sb. a claim on as a security 【例】We are not free to use today, or to promise tomorrow, because we are already mortgaged to yesterday. 我们不能任意使用今天或允诺明天，因为我们已经被抵押昨天。I can buy the house only if a mortgage for 2000 dollars is available. 只有拿到两千美元的抵押贷款，我才买得起那栋房子。He will have to mortgage his land for a loan. 他不得不将土地抵押来申请贷款。
mosaic [mKu'zeiik] n. 镶嵌细工，马赛克 【例】It's a rich mosaic of meadows, rivers and woods. 这是一幅由草地，河流，树木组成的五光十色的镶嵌画。
moss [mOs] n.藓类植物, 苔藓 【例】A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔；转业不聚财。
motive ['mKutiv] n.动机, 动因, 目的 【同】motivation; incentive; purpose 【例】We would often be ashamed of our best actions if the world only knew the motives behind them. 要是世人知道我们最好的行为背后的动机，我们往往会为这些行为羞愧。I don't understand what his motive is. 我不知道他的动力是什么。His sole motive is to make more money. 他唯一的动机就是多赚钱。
motorway ['mKutKwei] n.汽车道，高速公路
mould [mKuld] (=mold) n.1.霉, 霉菌2.模子, 模型, 铸模3.(人的)性格, 气质, 类型 vt. 1.用模子制作, 浇铸, 塑造2.使形成, 影响...的形成, 把...塑造成【同】form; model; cast 【例】The metal in the mould hardened into shape. 模子里的金属硬化成形。The car body is moulded in the factory. 汽车车身是在这家工厂里模压成型的。Bread tends to mould in damp weather. 气候潮湿时，面包容易长霉。The author molded a new philosophy of life. 作者重新塑造了一种生活方式
mountainous ['mauntinKs] a.多山的；山一般的 【例】Our country is very mountainous. 我国是一个多山的国家。It seemed that the mountainous waves would turn the ship over. 排山倒海的巨浪似乎要把船掀翻。
mouthful ['mauTful] n.满口，一口，少量
multiple ['mVltipl] a. 复合的, 多重的, 多种多样的 n.倍数 【例】A multiple crash can often be seen on that motorway. 那条公路上的联环撞车事故很多。He is the person with multiple injuries. 他就是那个多处受伤的人。
multiplication [,mVltipli'keiSn] n.增加；繁殖；乘法 【例】My son began to study multiplication when he was six. 我儿子六岁的时候开始学习乘法。The multiplication of students has made our school too small. 学生的增加使学校显得拥挤。
multiply ['mVltiplai] v. 1.(使)增加, (使)繁殖2.乘, (使)相乘 【同】duplicate; reproduce; increase 【例】He who multiplies riches multiplies cares. 财产越多越操心。Four multiplied by seven is twenty-eight. 7乘4等于28。Rabbits multiply quickly. 兔子繁殖很快。We must multiply our efforts to clear up the mystery. 我们必须加倍努力来澄清这一神秘的事件。
multitude ['mVltitju:d] n.1.大量, 许多2.[the~] 大众, 民众 【同】abundance; crowd; gathering 【例】Success covers a multitude of blunders. 成功掩盖了在量的错误。A multitude of people gathered at the gate of the exhibition hall. 大群人聚集在展览大厅的门口。The multitude may laugh at his music, but we know better. 一般人也许会嘲笑他的音乐，但我们更了解它。
municipal [mju:'nisipl] a. 市的, 市政的 【同】civic; of a town or city 【例】In order to win the bid for the Olympic Games of 2008, the municipal government of Beijing has launched a campaign to improve the environment of the city. 为了获得2008年奥运的申办权，北京市政府已开展活动来改善市区环境。I study in a municipal college. 我在一所市立大学上学。She works in a municipal library. 她在一所市立的图书馆工作。
muscular ['mVskjulK] a. 1.肌肉发达的, 强壮的2.(有关)肌(肉)的 【例】He's big and muscular. 他身材高大，肌肉发达。
mushroom ['mVSrum] n.蘑菇 vi. 迅速成长(或发展) 【例】Some mushrooms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇有毒。I gathered many mushrooms after rain. 雨后我采了很多蘑菇。New blocks of flats and offices have mushroomed all over the city. 在全市各处如雨后春笋般出现了许多新公寓和办公楼。
mute [mju:t] a. 1.缄默的, 无声的2.哑的, 不会说话的3.(字母)不发音的 vt. 消除(声音), 减轻(声音) 【同】tongueless; dumb; speechless 【例】He always remains mute on the subject of social system. 他总是对社会制度的问题保持沉默。He's a deaf mute and cannot tell anyone secret. 他是个聋哑人，不会把他们的秘密告诉任何人。
mutter ['mVtK] n.轻声低语, 小声抱怨 【例】She kept on muttering to herself. 她老是一个人嘀嘀咕咕。Actors often mutter to themselves when rehearsing their lines. 演员背台词的时候经常自己嘀嘀咕咕。
mutton ['mVtn] n.羊肉 【例】People like to have mutton in the winter. 冬天人们喜欢吃羊肉。
mystery ['mistKri] n.神秘(性), 神秘的人(或事物) 【同】undiscoverability; unanswerability 【例】Happiness is a mystery like religion, and should never be rationalized. 幸福有如宗教，是一种神秘的东西，永远不要对它如以理性的阐释。Why he went there is a mystery to me. 他为什么到那里去，这对我来说是个谜。The place continues to fascinate visitors, cloaked in its mystery. 这个地方笼罩在神秘气氛下，继续使游览者着迷。
N
naive [nai'i:v] a. 1.幼稚的, 轻信的2.天真的 【同】innocent; unsophisticated 【例】This girl is very naive at the first sight. 第一眼看上去，这个女孩很天真。
namely ['neimli] ad. 即, 也就是 【同】specifically; particularly; i.e. 【例】Love is as love does. Love is an act of will —— namely, both an intention and an action. 爱与爱的行为是统一的。爱就是意愿的实行，即，既是意向，又是行动。Only one person can do the job, namely you. 只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。
nap [n<p] vi. (尤指在白天)小睡, 打盹 【例】Father always takes a nap in the afternoon. 父亲下午总要睡个午觉。Every afternoon the baby takes a nap for 2 hours. 每天下午宝宝都要睡两个小时。
narrate [nK'reit] v. 说故事,说明,叙述 【同】relate; depict; describe 【例】As narrated in the novel, the hero was a good-for-nothing. 如小说中所描写的，这位主人公无所事事。
nasty ['nA:sti] a. 1.令人讨厌的, 令人厌恶的2.难弄的, 困难的3.严重的, 恶劣的, 险恶的 4.下流的, 道德败坏的 【同】unclean; dirty; impure 【例】Diplomacy is to do and say the nastiest thing in the nicest way. 外交就是以最优雅的方式办最难办的事，说最难说的话。What a nasty man! 这个恶人! He is a person with a nasty mind. 他是个思想肮脏的人。
naught [nO:t] n. 无，零，无用 【例】All his work came to naught when the fire destroyed the house he was building. 大火烧毁了他正在建的房子，他的一切成绩化为乌有。
naughty ['nO:ti] a. 1.顽皮的, 淘气的2.猥亵的 【例】You naughty boy! I've told you not to play in the street. 你这顽皮孩子! 我说过，叫你别在马路上玩。
naval ['neivl] a. 海军的 【例】The naval officer asked him to stay away from the base. 那位海军军官让他离开基地。
navigation [,n<vi'geiSn] n.1.航行(学), 航海(术), 航空(术)2.导航, 领航 【例】Navigation is difficult on this river because of the hidden rocks. 因为河上有暗礁，所以在这条河上航行很困难。The compass is an instrument of navigation. 罗盘是航行仪器。
navy ['neivi] n.海军 【例】Britain has always had a large navy, called the Royal Navy. 英国一直有一支强大的海军，称为皇家海军。
necessitate [ni'sesiteit] vt. 使成为必要, 需要 【例】It's an unpopular measure, but the situation necessitates it. 这是不得人心的办法，但形势需要这样做。Your proposal will necessitate borrowing more money. 依你的建议就必须增加借款。
necessity [ni'sesiti] n.1.必需品2.必要(性), (迫切)需要 【例】The doctor asked us to call him during the night except in case of necessity. 医生吩咐我们，除非必须，否则不要在夜里叫他。
negative ['negKtiv] a. 1.否定的2.反面的, 消极的3.负的, 阴性的 n.1.(照相的)负片, 底片2.负数 【同】denying; unaffirmative; disallowing 【例】Eternity is a negative clothed with a positive name. 永恒是个冠以肯定名称的否定概念。I have a negative opinion on the value of this idea. 我对这个主意持反对意见。
negligible ['neglidZKbl] a. 可忽略不计的, 微不足道的 【同】insignificant; trivial; petty 【例】The details are negligible as far as I know. 我认为这些细节完全可以忽略。
negotiate [ni'gKu:Sieit] vt. 1.洽谈, 协商2.顺利通过, 成功越过 vi. 协商, 谈判 【同】arrange; bargain; transact 【例】Let us never negotiate out of feat, but let us never fear to negotiate. 永远不要出于惧怕谈判，而要永远不惧怕谈判。We've decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim. 我们决定就工资问题与雇主谈判。The company has negotiated a new contract with its staff. 公司已经和全体员工商定了一项新合同。
neighbourhood ['neibKhud] n.1.四邻, 街坊2.邻近地区, 附近 【例】You'll find the hotel in the neighbourhood. 你会在附近找到这家旅店。The whole neighbourhood praises him. 四周邻居都称赞他。
nephew ['nevju:] n.侄子, 外甥 【例】My nephew is a naughty boy. 我侄子是一个淘气的孩子。
network ['netwK:k] n.1.网状物2.广播网, 电视网3.(电信与计算机)网络, 网状系统 【例】The company has a network of shops all over the country. 这家公司有着遍布全国的商店网。Do you know the three USA television networks? 你知道美国的三大电视网吗？
neutral ['nju:trKl] a. 1.中立的, 不偏不倚的2.中性的 【同】noncombatant; unconcerned 【例】Gone are those pleasant nineteenth-century days when a country could remain neutral and at peace just by saying it wanted to. 19世纪那些愉快的日子一去不返了，当是一个国家只须产自己宁愿如此便可保持中立并享受和平。That country remained neutral in the war. 那个国家在那场战争中保持中立。He has a rather neutral character. 他品性平平。When you start the engine, be sure the car is in neutral. 你在发动引擎时，一定要让汽车处于空档。
neutron ['nju:trOn] n.中子
nevertheless [,nevKDK'les] ad. 仍然, 然而, 不过 【例】The experiment failed. It was, nevertheless, worth making. 试验没有成功，尽管如此，还是值得做的。
nickel ['nikl] n.1.镍2.(美国和加拿大的)五分镍币, 五分钱 【例】Can you give me a dime for two nickels? 你能不能用两个五分镍币给我换一个一毛的镍币？
nickname ['nikneim] n.绰号, 浑名 vt. 给...起绰号 【例】Jess is just my nickname - my real name is Jessica. 杰西只是我的昵称，我的真名是杰西卡。They nicknamed him Lofty because he was so tall. 他们给他起了个绰号叫高个儿， 因为他身材很高。
niece [ni:s] n.侄女, 甥女 【例】My niece always clings to me whenever she is at my home. 我侄女只要一到我家里就缠着我不放。
nitrogen ['naitrKdZKn] n.氮 【例】Nitrogen forms most of the Earth's air. 地球上空气的大部分成分是氮气。
nominal ['nOminl] a. 1.名义上的, 有名无实的2.(费用等)很少的, 象征性的3.名词性的 【例】The chairman is only the nominal ruler of the country. 主席只是那个国家名义上的统治者。She charged only a nominal fee for her work. 她为所做的工作只收取象征性的费用。
nominate ['nOmineit] vt. 提名, 任命 【同】propose as a candidate 【例】I nominate Tom to make the tea. 我建议汤姆去沏茶。I nominate her to present us at the meeting. 我推荐她代表我们出席会议。She had been nominated as candidate for the presidency. 她已被提名为总统候选人。The board nominated him as the new director. 董事会指定他为新董事。
nonetheless [,nOnDK'les] ad.(=nevertheless) 尽管如此, 依然, 然而
nonsense ['nOnsns] n.1.胡说, 废话2.冒失（或轻浮）的行动 【例】It was sheer nonsense to trust them. 相信他们纯粹是胡闹。What he said is nonsense. 他的话纯粹是胡说。
normalization [,nO:mKlai'zeiSn] n.正常化
northeast [nO:T'i:st] n.东北(方), 东北部 a. 东北的, 东北部的, 不息东北的 ad. 向东北 【例】His house is in the northeast of this city. 他的家在这个城市的东北部。The northeast wind was blowing hard at that time. 那时候东北风刮得正紧。
northward [nO:T'wKd] ad.向北方
northwest [nO:T'west] n.西北(方), 西北部 a. 西北的, 西北部的, 来自西北的 ad. 向西北 【例】There is a large hilly area in the northwest. 西北部有一大片丘陵地带。The city is located in the northwest part of Canada. 这座城市位于加拿大的西北部。The tourists drove northwest. 游客们开车向西北而去。
notable ['nKutKbl] a. 值得注意的, 显著的, 著名的 n.名人, 要人 【同】leader; personality 【例】He is a notable in his country. 他在本国是名人。He is a notable artist. 他是一位著名的艺术家。
noteworthy ['nKutwK:Di] a. 值得注目的,显著的
noticeable ['nKutisKbl] a. 显而易见的 【同】observable; appreciable; obvious 【例】There's been a noticeable improvement in her handwriting. 她的书法有了明显的进步。The scar on her forehead is hardly noticeable. 她额头上的伤疤不太明显。
notify ['nKutifai] vt. 通知, 告知, 报告 【同】declare; announce; inform 【例】Have the authorities been notified? 当局是否已得知？ She notified us of the meeting. 她通知我们开会。We'll notify her to draw up a contract. 我们将通知她起草一份合同。
notion ['nKuSn] n.1.概念, 观念2.意图, 想法, (怪)念头 【同】conception; idea; thought 【例】Your earliest notions of love came not only from your own relationship with your parents but also from your impressions of their marriage. 你对爱的最初的概念，不仅得自你自己与父母关系，而且得自你对他们婚姻的印象。We had a notion that he was telling a lie. 我们当时的看法是他在说谎。He didn't have a slightest notion of what I meant. 他对我指的是什么没有一点儿概念。
notorious [nKu'tO:riKs] a. 臭名昭著的, 声名狼藉的 【同】ill-famed; infamous 【例】It is notorious that the memory strengthens as you lay burdens upon it, and becomes trustworthy as you trust it. 众所周知，如果给记忆力施加压力它便增强，如果相信记忆力，它就变得可靠。Hitler is a notorious killer. 希特勒是一个臭名昭著的刽子手。
notwithstanding [,nOtwiT'st<ndiN] ad. 尽管 【例】Notwithstanding her naughtiness, I love my little girl. 尽管我的小姑娘很淘气，我还是很爱她。He tried to prevent the marriage but it still took place notwithstanding. 虽然他竭力阻止这桩婚姻，但还是成了事实。He went, notwithstanding he was ordered to stay. 他虽被命令不许去，但还是去了。
nought [nO:t] n.无，零 【例】Put two noughts after a seven to make seven hundred. 在7后面加两个零成为700。
nourish ['nVriS] vt. 1.养育, 喂养, 滋养2.怀有(希望等), 增强(希望等) 【同】feed; supply; sustain 【例】I forget the greater part of what I read, but all the same it nourishes my mind. 我读过的东西大都忘记了，但它依旧滋养着我的心灵。Milk is all we need to nourish a small baby. 我们供给婴儿营养只需喂奶就够了。
novelty ['nOvlti] n.1.新奇事物2.新奇, 新奇感, 新奇性3.新颖小巧而廉价的物品 【同】new; unique; unusual 【例】It is nature of man to be greed for novelty. 追求新奇是人的天性。The novelty of his surroundings soon wore off. 他对环境的新奇感不久就淡薄了。
nowhere ['nKuwEK] ad. 任何地方都不 【例】The book was nowhere to be found. 这本书无处可寻。That kind of talk will get you nowhere. 说那种话对你没好处。
nucleus ['nju:kliKs] n.1.(原子)核2.核心 【例】These 1,000 books will form the nucleus of the new school library. 这一千本书将构成学校新图书馆藏书的基础。
nuisance ['nju:sns] n.令人讨厌的东西 (或状况、行为), 讨厌的人 【同】annoyance; offense; trouble 【例】The liberty of the individual must be thus far limited; he must not make himself a nuisance to the other people. 个人的自由迄今必须限制，他绝不可使自己成为妨害他人的人。The noise was so loud that it was a nuisance to the neighbors. 那声音大得让邻居讨厌。
numb [nVm] a. 1.麻木的, 失去感觉的2.惊呆的 vt. 1.使麻木, 使失去知觉2.使目瞪口呆 【例】The shock left me numb. 我惊呆了。His leg was numbed by the intense pain. 他的腿因剧痛而麻木。
numerous ['nju:mKrKs] a. 众多的, 许多的, 【例】That kind of bird has become more numerous around here lately. 近来在附近一带那种鸟越来越多了。There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion.我之所以持这个观点是有很多原因的。
nursery ['nK:sKri] n.1.托儿所, 保育室2.苗圃 【例】She sent her little son to a nursery when she was working. 她工作的时候就把小儿子送到托儿所。
nutrition [nju:'triSn] n.营养 【同】nourishment; diet 【例】The health of children is subject to the nutrition they take in. 孩子的健康受到营养的影响。Our bodies need adequate nutrition. 我们的身体需要充足的营养。This food provides all the nutrition your dog needs. 本食品含有狗所必须的一切营养。Human beings are omnivorous animals, but vegetables and fruits do not contain all the nutrition we should take to live a healthy life. 人类是杂食动物，但是蔬菜水果并不包含我们拥有健康所需的全部营养。
O
oath [KuT] n.1.誓言, 誓约2.咒骂, 诅咒语 【同】affirmation; declaration; promise 【例】It is not the oath that makes us believe the man, but the man the oath. 不是誓言使我们相信人，是人使我们相信誓言。Repeat the oath after me. 请跟着我宣誓。The judge reminded the witness that she was under oath. 法官提醒那个证人她已经宣过誓了。
obedience [K'bi:diKns] n.服从，顺从；管辖 【同】willingness; submission; compliance 【例】The commanding officer expected unquestioning obedience from his men. 指挥官要求下属绝对服从。
obedient [K'bi:diKnt] a. 服从的, 顺从的 【例】And many of the parents and teachers are always ready to award high marks to those who are obedient and likable. 而且，家长和老师往往奖赏那些讨人喜欢、听话的孩子。The dog is obedient to its master's orders. 这只狗听从主人的命令。
objective [Kb'dZektiv] n.目标, 目的 a. 客观的, 不带偏见的 【同】goal; purpose; actual 【例】After many years I have reached the firm conclusion that it is impossible for any objective newspaper man to be a friend of a President. 许多年之后，我得出这个坚定的结论：任何客观新闻工作者不可能成为一个总统的朋友。Try to be more objective about it. 尽量更客观地对待此事吧。We have succeeded in our main objectives. 我们已经成功地达到了主要目标。
obligation [,Obli'geiSn] n.义务, 责任 【同】conscience; burden; responsibility 【例】To try to honor your obligation will reveal immediately how much value you have. 履行义务的努力会立即显示你所具有的价值。The company has to fulfill the terms of its obligation. 这个公司必须履行合同条款。
obscure [Kb'skjuK] a. 1.不著名的, 不重要的2.费解的, 模糊不清的 vt. 使变模糊, 掩盖 【同】shadow; disguise; veil 【例】Truth sometimes may be obscure, but it can never die out. 真理有时可能变得暗淡，但绝对不会熄灭。The path grew more obscure in the fading light. 小径在渐渐消失的光线下变得更暗了。The poem is obscure to those unlearned in the classics. 这首诗在不懂古典诗作的人看来是费解的。
observation [,ObzK'veiSn] n.1.注意, 观察2.言论, 议论3.[常pl.] 观察资料, 观察数据4.观察力 【例】The thief escaped observation. 小偷未被人注意。He was taken into hospital for observation. 他被送进医院观察。
obsolete ['ObsKli:t] adj. 废弃的，过时的 【同】outdated; old; out of fashion 【例】The advent of this device made obsolete the use of washing-machine. 这种装置的出现让洗衣机显得相当地果实。
obstacle ['ObstKkl] n.障碍(物), 妨碍 【同】barrier; restriction; hindrance 【例】Victory is not the end but a phase to the end. It is no more than the removal of obstacles. 胜利不是目的，而是达到目的一个阶段。它不过于对障碍的消除。Lack of education is an obstacle of success. 缺乏教育是成功的障碍。The obstacles to bridging the gap remain objective and subjective. 消除代购的主要障碍有客观原因,也有主观原因。
obstinate ['ObstinKt] a.固执的；顽强的 【同】self-willed; strong-minded; stubborn 【例】Vanity dies hard; in some obstinate cases it outlives the man. 虚荣心很难死灭，在有些顽固的例子里人死了它还活着。This child is obstinate and rebellious. 这个孩子倔强，难以管束。
occasional [K'keiZKnl] a. 偶尔的, 间或发生的 【例】I only smoke an occasional cigar. 我只是偶然抽一支雪茄。He is only an occasional workman. 他只是个临时雇工。
occupation [,Okju'peiSn] n.1.工作, 职业2.(人)从事的活动, 消遣3.占领, 占据 【例】He is a merchant in occupation. 他的职业是经商。Riding is her favorite occupation. 骑马是她最喜欢的消遣。He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone else's occupation. 他从巴黎回来，发现他的办公室被别人占了。
occurrence [K'kVrKns] n. 1.发生的事情, 事件2.发生, 出现 【同】incident; event; occasion 【例】Faith may be defined briefly as an illogical belief in the occurrence of the improbable. 信仰可以简洁地定义为对不可能之事的发生所持的不逻辑的信念。
odds [Odz] n. (复)投注赔率；机会；可能性
odour ['KudK] (=order (美) n.气味 【同】smell; fragrance; perfume 【例】Nothing awakens a reminiscence like an odor. 没有什么能像气味一样唤起往事。My room is filled with the odour of roses. 我的房间里充满了玫瑰花的香味。What he had done put him in better odour. 他的所作所为使他的名声得到改善。
offensive [K'fensiv] a. 1.冒犯的, 无礼的, 使人不快的2.进攻的, 攻击性的 n.进攻, 攻势 【同】insulating; attacking 【例】Life is an offensive, directed against the repetitious mechanism. 生活是向宇宙重复机制发动的进攻。I found him extremely offensive. 我发现他非常令人讨厌。The troops took up offensive positions. 部队已准备发起攻击。
offset ['Ofset] vt. 补偿, 抵消 【同】balance; compensate; equivalent 【例】Higher mortgage rates are partly offset by increased tax allowances. 抵押款高了，其中部分可因免税额增加而相抵消。He raised his prices to offset the increased cost of materials. 他提高售价以补偿材料增加的成本。Higher mortgage rates are partly offset by increased tax allowances. 抵押款提高了，其中一部分可由免税额增加而抵消。
offspring ['OfspriN] n.1.子女, 子孙, 后代2.(动物的)崽 【同】descendant; heirs; child 【例】Who of us is mature enough for offspring before the offspring themselves arrive? The value of marriage is not that adults produce children but that children produce adults. 在儿女真的出世之前，我们有谁对于儿女是足够成熟的？结婚的价值不在于大人造就孩子，而在于孩子造就大人。How do parents pass genes on to their offspring? 父母是怎样把基因遗传给自己的子女的？ The atom bomb is the offspring of the 20th century physics. 原子弹是20世纪物理学的产物。
omit [K'mit] vt. 1.省略, 删节2.遗漏, 疏忽 【例】He omitted to state his reasons. 他未叙述自己的理由。Don't omit locking the door. 别忘了锁门。
opaque [Ku'peik] a. 1.不透明的, 不透光的2.难理解的, 晦涩的 【同】nontransparent; dark; coated 【例】The future is an opaque mirror. Anyone who tries to look into it sees nothing but the dim outlines of an old and worried face. 未来是面晦暗的镜子。任何试图向里面窥视的人只能看见一张苍老而焦虑的脸的模糊轮廓。This is an opaque cup. 这是一个不透明的杯子。I felt his report was deliberately opaque. 我觉得他的报告故意含糊其词。
opening ['KupKniN] n.1.口子, 洞, 孔2.开发, 开辟3.(正式的)开始, 开端 a. 开的, 开始的
opera ['OpKrK] n.歌剧
operator ['OpKreitK] n.1.话务员, 报务员2.操作员 【例】Dial 100 for the operator. 拨100找接线员。I am a computer operator. 我是一名计算机操作人员。
opponent [K'pKunKnt] n.1.敌手, 对手2.反对者 【同】competitor; rival; challenger 【例】We must protect the right of our opponents to speak because we must hear what they have to say. 我们必须保卫对手讲话的权利，因为我们必须聆听他们不得不说的话。His opponent did not stand a chance. 他的对手毫无取胜的机会。She is one of the strongest opponents of tax reform. 她是税收改革最强烈的反对者之一。They are often heard to talk proudly about how they have defeated their opponents in a game. 我们经常听到他们自豪地谈论如何在一场比赛中战胜对手。
oppose [K'pKuz] vt. 反对, 反抗 【例】They opposed the government's new policies. 他们反对政府的新政策。Don't oppose your will against mine. 不要把你的意志同我的对立起来。
oppress [K'pres] vt. 1.压迫, 压制2.使(心情等)沉重, 使烦恼 【同】suppress; crush; abuse 【例】Truth may be oppressed, not suppressed. 真理可能被压制，但不会被压倒。The king oppressed his people with terrible taxes and punishments. 国王以苛捐杂税和严刑来压迫人民。
optical ['Optikl] a. 1.光(学)的2.眼的, 视力的3.视觉的 【同】seeing; visible visual 【例】There are microscopes and other optical instruments. 那里有显微镜和其他观察仪器。Microscopes and telescopes are optical instruments. 望远镜和显微镜是光学仪器。
optimize ['Optimaiz] =(optimize (英) v.优选，优化；乐观;使其完美（完善）【同】refine; promote 【例】The company is seeking to optimize its use of financial resources by introducing performance-related pay. 这家公司通过引入和工作表现持平的工资制度，用以优化利用它的财力资源。
optional ['OpSKnl] a. 可以任选的, 非强制的
orbit ['O:bit] n.轨道v. (绕...)作轨道运行 【例】The spacecraft is in orbit around the moon. 该航天器在绕月球轨道运行。How many spacecrafts are orbiting the moon? 有多少航天器绕月球轨道飞行？
ore [O:] n.矿, 矿石 【例】This is an area rich in ore. 这里是个矿产丰富的地区。
organic [O:'g<nik] a. 有机(体)的, 有机物的 【例】I am not good at organic chemistry. 我的有机化学学得不好。The music is organic to the story. 这首乐曲是这个故事必不可少的组成部分。
orient ['O:riKnt] vt. 1.使适应, 使熟悉情况(或环境等)2.(to, toward)使朝向, 以...为方向(目标) n.[the O-] 东方, 亚洲(尤指远东), 东半球 【同】determine; locate; adjust 【例】She soon oriented herself to campus life. 她很快就适应了学校生活。In the market, I breathed the smells of the Orient. 在集市上，我闻到了东方的气息。
oriental [,O:ri'entl] a. 东方的, 东方人的, 东方文化的 【例】This oriental legend is fascinating. 这个东方传说很吸引人。
original [K'ridZKnl] a. 1.起初的, 原来的2.独创的, 新颖的3.原版的, 原件的 n.原件, 原作 【同】primary; creative; not copied 【例】The least of man’s original emanation is better than the best of a borrowed thought. 最微小的独创性的发挥也胜过借来的最好的思想。The original owner of the house moved out. 房子原先的主人搬出去了。The original picture is in the British Museum. 这幅画的原作在大英博物馆内。
originate [K'ridZineit] vi. (in, from, with)起源于, 来自, 产生 vt. 创造, 创始, 开创 【例】The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two families. 这次争吵是两家不和引起的。Who originated the concept of stereo sound? 立体声是谁发明的？ The style of architecture originated from the ancient Greeks. 这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。
ornament ['O:nKmKnt] n.1.装饰品, 点缀品2.装饰, 点缀 vt. 装饰, 点缀, 美化 【同】beautification; decorative; furnishing 【例】Loveliness needs not the aid of foreign ornament, but is when unadorned, adorned the most. 美貌无须外加装点，不事妆饰时最为光彩照人。We bought some ornaments for the Christmas tree. 我们买了一些装饰品来点缀圣诞树。I ornamented my room with flowers. 我用鲜花装饰房间。
orthodox ['O:TKdOks] a. 1.传统的2.正统的, 正宗的 【同】accepted; conventional; traditional 【例】Although dressed in fashionable clothes, he is orthodox in terms of ideas. 尽管衣着时髦，他思想却很正统。
ounce [auns] n.盎司 【例】He tried to open the door by using every ounce of his strength. 他用尽全部力气想把门打开。
outbreak ['autbreik] n.(战争、情感、火山等的)爆发, (疾病、虫害等的)突然发生 【同】eruption; explosion; outburst 【例】In the nuclear age, victory has lost its traditional significance. The outbreak of war is increasingly considered the worst catastrophe. 在核时代，胜利业已失去其传统的意义。战争的爆发日益视为莫为的灾难。There has been an outbreak of typhoid. 那儿正爆发伤寒。The outbreak of riot caused many people to die. 暴乱的发生使很多人丧生。
outdoors [,aut'dO:z] ad.在户外，在野外
outer ['autK] a. 1.外面的, 外表的2.远离中心的, 外层的 【例】The outer walls of the building were painted blue. 这座建筑的外墙被漆成了蓝色。These creatures were believed to have come from outer space. 据信这种生物来自外太空。
outermost ['autKmKust] a.最外面的，最远的
outfit ['autfit] n.1.(用于某种场合的)全套服装2.(协同工作的)一组人3.全套设备, 全套工具 【例】The company will provide the sports outfits for all the players. 这家公司将为所有运动员提供全套运动服装。
outlet ['autlet] n.1.出口, 出路2.(感情、精力等)发泄途径(或方法) 【同】opening; way out for 【例】Mouth：In man the gateway to the soul; in woman, the outlet of heart. 嘴：在男人是心灵的入口，在女人是内心是出口。They found some new outlets for their products. 他们为自己的产品找到了一些新的市场。
outlook ['autluk] n.1.观点, 见解2.展望, 前景 【同】viewpoint; prospects 【例】This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. 这种物质之上的观点严重的影响我们的教育。
outset ['autset] n.开始, 开端
outskirts ['autskK:ts] n.外围地区, 郊区, 郊外 【同】border; suburbs; limits 【例】Cities are growing so fast their arteries are showing through their outskirts. 城市生长得如此迅速，它们的动脉透过郊区显露出来。
outstanding [,aut'st<ndiN] a. 1.突出的, 杰出的, 显著的2.未解决的, 未偿付的
oven ['Vvn] n.烤箱, 炉 【例】It is like an oven in here; please open the window. 这里热得象火炉，请把窗户打开。
overall ['KuvKrO:l] a. 1.总体的, 全面的, 综合的2.全部的 ad. 总的来说 n.[pl.] 工装裤, 工作服 【同】complete; thorough; comprehensive 【例】The overall measurement of this room is 80 square meters. 这个屋子的面积是80平方米。There's been an overall improvement recently. 近来各方面都有所改进。The carpenter was wearing a pair of blue overalls. 那木匠穿着蓝色的工装裤。We should give an overall consideration to this issue.我们对这个问题应该有个全面的考虑。
overcome [,KuvK'kVm] vt. 1.战胜, 克服2.(感情等)压倒, 使受不了 【同】overwhelm; master; defeat 【例】The only good luck many great men ever had was being born with the ability and determination to overcome bad luck. 许多伟人有过的惟一好运：生来具有战胜厄运的能力与决心。He was overcome by their entreaties. 他屈从了他们的请求。The whole thing becomes utterly absurd when you think that no matter what problems man overcomes, it is unlikely that he will ever be able to travel even to the nearest star. 但是不管人类克服了多少困难，他也不可能去住进的星球上旅行。想象这个，即就会觉得整个这件事是荒谬绝伦了
overestimate [,KuvK'restimeit] vt.过高估计 【同】overvalue; overprice; exaggerate 【例】personally, we should not overestimate or deny either of them.以我之见，我们不应过高地估计或否定两者之中的任何一种。
overflow ['KuvKflKu] vi. 1.满得外溢, 外流, 泛滥2.(with)充满, 洋溢 vt. 淹没, 从...中溢出, 多得使无法容纳n.1.容纳不下的物(或人)2.溢出, 满出3.溢流口, 溢流管 【同】shed; spill; flow 【例】Love overflows with both honey and gall. It gives you a taste of sweetness, and then heaps bitterness before you to satiety. 爱情充满了蜂蜜与胆汁。它让你尝到甜蜜，在你饱足之前又使你满口苦涩。The river overflowed its banks. 河水漫过了两岸。The crowd overflowed the auditorium. 人群挤得礼堂无法容纳。Overflow patients lay on the floors and in the corridors. 容纳不下的病人躺在地上和走廊里。
overhaul ['KuvKhO:l] n./v. 彻底检查，大修
overhead ['KuvKhed] ad. 在头顶上 a. 在头顶上的, 上面的, 架空的 n.[常pl.] 经常费用, 管理费用 【例】Seagulls were circling overhead. 海鸥在头顶山盘旋。Overhead the stars were out. 天上星星出来了。The overhead costs are ridiculously expensive. 日常开支太高了。Their office is in central Beijing, so their overhead is very high. 他们的办事处设在北京市中心，所以他们的日常开支很大。
overhear [,KuvK'hiK] vt. 无意中听到, 偷听到 【例】I overheard some cruel remarks about him. 我无意中听到了一些议论他的粗鲁的话。I overheard them saying they were unhappy. 我偶然听到他们说，他们很不快乐。
overlap ['KuvKl<p] v. 1.(与...)部分重叠2.(与...)部分相同 n.重叠, 重叠的部分 【同】overlie; project; repeat 【例】Fantasy and reality often overlaps. 幻想与现实常常重叠。
overlook [,KuvK'luk] vt. 1.忽视, 忽略, 未注意到2.宽恕, 宽容3.俯瞰, 俯视 【例】My room overlooked the garden. 我的房间俯瞰花园。They overlooked the enormous risks involved. 他们忽略了暗含的巨大危险。It was a slight overlook on my part. 这是我的小疏忽。
overpass ['KuvKpA:s] n.天桥, 立交桥
overseas [,KuvK'si:z] ad. 在(或向)海外, 在(或向)国外 a. (在)海外的, (在)国外的, (向或来自) 外国的 【例】The overseas trade has become the main project. 海外贸易成为主要的项目。She is an overseas student in Britain. 她是个在英国的外国留学生。
overtake [,KuvK'teik] vt. 1.追上, 赶上, 超过2.突然降临于, 意外地碰上 【同】catch; reach; catch up with 【例】Laziness travels so slowly that poverty soon overtakes him. 懒惰走得如此之慢，贫穷很快就赶上了他。A car overtook me although I was going fast. 我虽然开得很快，还是被一辆车超过了。The murderer was overtaken in his crime. 杀人犯当场被捕。
overthrow ['KuvKTrKu] vt. 1.推翻, 打倒2.使终止, 摒弃 n.推翻, 终止, 结束 【例】The rebels have overthrown the government. 反叛者已推翻了政府。The overthrow of that lawful regime has resulted in a series of riot. 合法政权的被推翻导致一连串的暴乱。
overtime ['KuvKtaim] a.超时的，加班的
overview ['KuvK,vju:] 概述 【例】The general manager gave us an overview of the company's marketing plans for the coming year. 总经理扼要介绍了公司明年的销售计划。
overwhelm [,KuvK'welm] vt. 1.(感情上)使受不了, 使不知所措的2.征服, 制服 【例】The village was overwhelmed when the floods came. 这个村庄在洪水泛滥时被淹没了。Your kindness quite overwhelmed me. 你的好意使我感激难言。Our football team has won an overwhelming victory. 我们的足球队取得了压倒性的胜利。
overwhelming [,KuvK'welmiN] a. 1.势不可挡的, 压倒的2.巨大的 【同】overpowering; staggering 【例】Nothing is easier than spending the public money. It does not appear to belong to anybody. The temptation is overwhelming to bestow it on somebody. 花公款是最容易不过的事了。他似乎属于任何人。把它送给什么人的诱惑无法拒绝。For the first time in history, man has the overwhelming technological resources to combat human suffering, yet he squanders them on meaningless pursuits. 人类在历史上第一次拥有了和苦难作战的强大技术力量，可是却把他们浪费在毫无意义的追求上。I think that the temptation of city life, especially of the cultural atmosphere in big cities, is overwhelming, even though those unsolved troubles are still there. 我认为，即使城市有许多还未解决的问题，但其生活－－特别是大城市中透着的文化气息－－却充满了魅力。
owl [aul] n.猫头鹰
ownership ['KunKSip] n.所有(权), 所有制 【例】The two brothers have dispute over the ownership of the land. 这兄弟俩对土地的所有权有争议。Ownership of property involves great expense. 拥有房地产要有很大的开销。The restaurant is under new ownership. 那餐馆已易新主。
oxygen ['OksidZKn] n.氧, 氧气 【例】There was a shortage of oxygen at the top of the mountain. 山顶上缺氧。She died from lack of oxygen. 她因缺氧而死。
P
pad [p<d] n.1.垫, 衬垫2.拍纸簿, 便笺本3.(火箭)发射台, 直升机起落场 vt. 填塞 vi. (放轻脚步)走 【例】The nurse put a clean pad of cotton over his wound. 护士在他的伤口上敷了一块干净的纱布垫。He jotted down a note on the pad by the telephone. 他在电话机旁的便笺本草草记下一个通知。I made my speech longer by padding it with a few jokes. 我插进了几则笑话，把我的讲话拉长了。
paddle ['p<dl] n.1.短桨, 桨2. 蹚水, 涉水vi. 1.划桨前进, 荡桨2. 蹚水, 涉水 vt. 1.用桨划(船)2.用木板打 【例】They tried to row the small boat off with a paddle. 他们试图用桨把小船划开。She lay at the side of the pool and paddled in the water with her fingers. 她躺在池子边上，用手指玩水。
painstaking ['peinzteikiN] a. 刻苦的
pamphlet ['p<mflit] n.小册子 【例】The pamphlet contains information of political opinion. 这本小册子含有关于政治主张的资料。He gave me a pamphlet for my call numbers. 他给了我一个小册子记录电话号码。
panda ['p<ndK] n.熊猫 【例】Pandas are loved by people all over the world. 熊猫被全世界的人们喜爱。
panel ['p<nl] n.1.面, 板2.专门小组, 评判小组3.控制, 仪表盘 【同】decoration; ornament 【例】It was made of a large precast concrete panel. 这是由一大型混凝土预制板制成的。This ceiling has a carved panel. 这块天花板带有刻花镶板。The panel was chosen to take part in discussion. 那个专门小组被选中参加讨论。
panic ['p<nik] n.恐慌, 惊慌, 慌乱 v. (使)恐慌, (使)惊慌失措 【同】fear; confusion; fright 【例】The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man falsely shouting fire in the theater and causing a panic. 对言论自由最严格的保护也不会保护一个在剧院里大喊失火而引起惊慌的人。She got into a panic when she thought she'd forgotten the tickets. 她想起忘记带入场券，顿时惊慌起来。The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion. 爆炸声一响，人群便惊慌起来。The thunder panicked the horse. 雷声使马受惊了。
parachute ['p<rKSu:t] n.降落伞 vi. 跳伞 vt. 伞投, 空投
parade [pK'reid] n.游行, 检阅 v. (使)列队行进, (使)游行 【例】The Olympic Games begin with a parade of all the competing nations. 奥运会以参赛各国的列队行进开始。The strikers paraded through the city center. 罢工队伍游行穿过市中心。He is always parading his knowledge. 他总是夸耀自己的知识。
paradise ['p<rKdais] n.天堂, 乐园 【例】Hong Kong is a travellers' paradise. 香港是旅游者的乐园。Hong Kong is a travellers' paradise. 香港是旅游者的乐园。
paradox ['p<rKdOks] n.1.似乎矛盾而(可能)正确的说法2.自相矛盾的人(或事物) 【同】puzzle; ambiguity; inconsistency 【例】More haste, less speed is a well-known paradox. 欲速则不达是人们熟知的隽语。
parallel ['p<rKlel] n.1.可相比拟的事物, 相似处2.平行线, 平行面3.纬线 a. 1.平行的2.类似的, 相对应的3.并列的, 并联的, 并行的 vt. 与…相似, 与…相当, 比得上 【同】conforming; correspond; match 【例】The road and the railway are parallel to each other. 该公路和铁路平行。The railway lines run parallel to the road. 铁路线和那条道路平行。My experience in this matter is parallel to yours. 在这件事情上，我的经验和你的类似。The railway lines run parallel to the road. 铁路线和那条道路平行。My experience in this matter is parallel to yours. 在这件事情上，我的经验和你的类似。
paralyse ['p<rKlaiz] vt. 1.使瘫痪, 使麻痹2.使丧失作用3.使惊愕, 使呆若木鸡 【同】disable; make helpless 【例】The accident left her paralysed in both legs. 事故后她的腰部以下瘫痪了。She is paralysed in both arms. 她的两只胳膊麻痹。The electricity failure paralysed the water supply. 停电使水供应陷于瘫痪。Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear to fear itself —— nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. 我要坚持这一坚定的信念：我们惟一害怕的就是害怕本身──无名的、无理的、无稽的恐惧，它破坏了反退为进所需的努力。
parameter [pK'r<mitK] n.1.界限, 范围2.参数
parasite ['p<rKsait] n.1.寄生生物2.寄生虫 【例】The mistletoe plant is a parasite on trees. 槲寄生是寄生在树上的植物。Don't give money to him; he is a parasite. 别给他钱，他是个好吃懒做的人。
partial ['pA:Sl] a. 1.部分的, 不完全的2.(to)偏爱的, 癖好的3.(to)偏向一方的, 偏心的 【同】unfair; biased; prejudiced 【例】No human being is constituted to know the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth; and even the best of men must be content with fragments, with partial glimpses, never the full fruition. 没有一个人被指定掌握真理，全部的和纯粹的真理；甚至最杰出的人也得满足于掌握真理的片断，满足于对真理局部的一瞥，而非充分的掌握真理。His partial attitude called forth a lot of criticism. 他的偏袒态度招致了不少批评。I'm very partial to sweet foods. 我非常偏爱甜食。
participant [pA:'tisipKnt] n.参加者, 参与者
participate [pA:'tisipeit] vi. (in)参与, 参加 【例】Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion actively. 希望全班同学积极参加讨论。
particle ['pA:tikl] n.1.微粒, 颗粒, 粒子2.小品词, 语助词 【同】scrap; bit 【例】Experience … is an immense sensibility, a kind of huge spider-web of the finest silken threads suspended in the chamber of consciousness, and catching every air-borne. 经验……是无限的感觉，是一种巨大的蛛网。它由极细的丝结成，悬在意识的房间里，在网上捕捉着空中漂浮的每一粒尘埃。We can see the dust particles floating in the sunlight clearly. 我们可以很清楚地看到阳光下的灰尘颗粒。There wasn't a particle of truth in what he said. 他说的没有一点真话。
partner ['pA:tnK] n.1.配偶, 搭档2.伙伴, 合伙人 vt. 做…的搭档 【例】The business is owned by two partners. 这家商行为两名合伙人所拥有。Are you sure you want him to be your partner? 你肯定你想要他作你的终身伴侣吗？
passion ['p<Sn] n.1.激情, 热情2.酷爱 【同】desire; emotion; feeling 【例】Passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavors. 激情存在于一切伟大的追求中，对所有创造性活动都是必不可少的。The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved. 诗人表达了他对所爱的女子火一般的激情。
passive ['p<siv] a. 被动的, 消极的【例】For example, an assertive person will say, “I can do these thing” and “I decided on this course of action,” whereas a more passive person might say. “These are the experiences I have had.” 例如，一个主动的人会说：“我能做这些事”和“我决定采取这些行动”，而被动的人则会说；“这是我的经历。”Television encourages passive enjoyment. 电视还鼓励消极娱乐。
pastime ['pA:staim] n.消遣, 娱乐 【同】recreation; amusement; hobby 【例】Photography is her favorite pastime. 摄影是她最喜爱的消遣。
pat [p<t] n.轻拍, 轻打 a. 非常恰当的, 切合的, 适时的
patch [p<tS] n.1.补片, 补丁2.斑, 与周围不同的部分3.一小块地 vt. 补, 修补
patent ['peitnt] n.专利, 专利权 a. (有关)专利(权)的, 受专利保护的 vt. 得到...的专利权 【同】license; monopolize; safeguard 【例】The devil is the father of lies, but he neglected to patent the idea, and the business now suffers from competition. 魔鬼是说谎之父，不过他忘了为这个创意取得专利，结果这一行当现在竞争激烈。Somehow, computer is no longer patent of professional engineers. 在某种程度上，计算机已不再是专业工程师的专利了。
patience ['peiSns] n.忍耐, 耐心【例】Patience, compassion and empathy are also important traits in being a good friend or partner. 耐心、热情和共识也是成为好朋友或好伙伴的重要特征。
patriotic [,p<tri'Otik] a. 爱国的, 有爱国心的, 显示爱国精神的 【同】devoted; zealous; dedicated 【例】Diplomacy. The patriotic art of lying for one’s country. 外交，名词。为了自己的国家说谎的爱国技艺。
pave [peiv] vt. 铺(路), 铺筑
pavement ['peivmKnt] n.(英)人行道
paw [pO:] n.爪, 爪子 v. 用爪子抓, 用蹄扒
payment ['peimKnt] n.1.支付的款项2.支付, 付款 【例】The payment of the goods is payable in instalments. 货款可以分期支付。They demand prompt payment. 他们要求立即付款。
pea [pi:] n.豌豆 【例】The sisters are as alike as two peas. 两姐妹长得一模一样。
peach [pi:tS] n.桃(树) 【例】The beauty of the peach blossom is beyond description. 桃花的美丽难以形容。
peak [pi:k] n.山峰, 顶点, 顶峰 vi. 达到高峰, 达到最大值 a. 最大值的, 高峰的 【例】The mountain peaks are covered with snow all year. 山顶上终年积雪。Tourism is at its peak in August. 旅游业在八月份达到高峰。Property prices have peaked. 房地产价格已达到最高点。
peanut ['pi:nVt] n.1.花生2.[pl.] 很少的钱 【例】He likes to eat peanut jam. 他喜欢吃花生酱。He pays his workers peanuts. 他付给他的工人极少的工资。
pebble ['pebl] n.卵石, 小圆石 【例】There are many pebbles on the riverbed. 河床上有很多卵石。
peculiar [pi'kju:liK] a. 1.奇怪的, 古怪的2.特有的, 独具的, 独特的 【同】unusual; uncommon; unique 【例】Hatred is something peculiar. You will always find it strongest and most violent where there is the lowest degree of culture. 敌意是一种古怪的东西。在教养最低之处，往往会发现最强烈、最狂热的敌意。The food has a peculiar taste. 这食物有种怪味道。This style of cooking is peculiar to the country. 这种烹调方法是那个国家的特色。
peculiarity [pi,kju:li'<riti] n.特性，独特性；怪癖 【例】These small spiced cakes are a peculiarity of the region. 这些别有风味的小蛋糕是该地的特产。She has peculiarities on diet. 她有饮食方面的怪癖。
pedal ['pedl] n.踏板, 踏脚 vi. 踩踏板, 骑车 vt. 脚蹬, 踩动...的踏板
peel [pi:l] vt. 削...的皮, 剥...的壳 vi. 剥落, 脱皮 n.(水果等的)皮, 外皮 【例】They peeled off their clothes and jumped into the water. 他们脱去外衣，跳入水中。The paint was peeling. 油漆正在剥落。
penalty ['penlti] n.处罚, 惩罚, 罚金 【同】fine; discipline; punishment 【例】Only the man who has enough good in him to feel the justice of the penalty can be punished; the others can only be hurt. 只有心中具备足够的善来感到惩罚有道理的人才能受罚，其余的人只能受伤害。She has paid the penalty for her crimes with five years in prison. 她因犯罪受到惩罚被判刑五年。One of the penalties of fame is that people point at you on the street. 当了名人的麻烦之一是在街上被人指指点点。。
pendulum ['pendjulKm] n.1.摆, 钟摆2.摇摆不定的事态(或局面) 【例】The pendulum of the clock in my room is a bear. 我房间的钟摆是小熊形状的。
penetrate ['penitreit] v. 1.透入, 渗入, 进入2.刺入, 刺穿3.洞察, 了解 【同】insert; enter; go through 【例】The sun too penetrates into privies, but is not polluted by them. 阳光也照进厕所，但不会遭到污染。
penetration [,peni'treiSn] n.穿入；渗透，侵入
penicillin [,peni'silin] n.青霉素，盘尼西林
peninsula [pK'ninsjulK] n.半岛 【例】Italy is a peninsula. 意大利是一个半岛。
pension ['pOnsiOn] n.养老金, 抚恤金 vt. 发给...养老金(或退职金、抚恤金等) 【同】allowance; payment; security 【例】Pension never enriched a young man. 年金无法使年轻人富裕。He retired on a company pension. 他退休时得到公司的退休金。He went to the post office to draw his pension. 他到银行去取退休金了。
pepper ['pepK] n.胡椒, 胡椒粉 vt. 在…上撒(胡椒粉等), 使布满 【例】Please pass me the pepper pot. 请把胡椒瓶递给我。
perceive [pK'si:v] vt. 1.感知, 感觉, 察觉2.认识到, 意识到, 理解 【同】observe; distinguish; notice 【例】There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognized by those who have perceived them without noticing. 没有什么新的真理，只有人们不经意地感觉到但没有认识到的真理。We perceived that we were unwelcome and left. 我们发觉自己不受欢迎，因此便离开了。
percentage [pK'sentidZ] n.百分比, 百分率 【例】We have only a small percentage of foreign books. 我们只有一少部分外文书。What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans? 地球上百分之多少被海水覆盖着？
performance [pK'fO:mKns] n.1.演出, 表演2.履行, 执行3.工作情况, 表现, (机器等)工作性能 【同】fulfillment; presentation; display 【例】He who is the most slow in making a promise is the most faithful in the performance of it. 最不轻易许诺的人履行诺言最认真。The novel is considered a brilliant performance. 这部小说被认为是出色的佳作。The car's performance on corners needs to be improved. 这辆车在转弯时的性能还需要改进。Consequently, it leads to poor self-esteem and sharp decline in academic performance. 因此，导致了他们的自卑感和学习成绩的急剧下降。
periodical [,piKri'Odikl] n.期刊 a. 周期的, 定期的, 时而发生的 【例】The periodical is obtainable on the very first day of every month. 这本杂志每月一号出版。
perish ['periS] vi. 1.丧生, 毁灭, 消亡2.(橡胶, 皮革等)失去弹性, 老化 【同】pass away; be lost; die 【例】The great tragedy of life is not that men perish but that they cease to love. 人生的巨大悲剧不是人们死亡，而是他们不再去爱。Almost a hundred people perished in the hotel fire last night. 近百人在昨夜旅馆的大火中丧生。The lumbermen were perished with cold. 伐木工人冻僵了。
permanent ['pK:mKnKnt] a. 永久(性)的, 固定的 【例】He was taken on for a three-month trial period before being accepted as a permanent member of staff. 在她被接受为固定雇员之前经过了三个月的 试用期。Have you any permanent address? 你有固定地址吗?
permission [pK'miSn] n.允许, 许可, 准许 【例】It is illegal to copying this book without the permission of Professor Wang Lin and Xuehang Training Cente. With your permission I'll leave now. 如果你同意的话，我现在就动身。Did she give you permission? 她向你表示同意了吗？
perpetual [pK'petSuKl] a. 1.永久的, 永恒的, 长期的2.无休止的, 没完没了的 【同】once and for all; everlasting 【例】To be in love is merely to be in a state of perpetual anaesthesis —— to mistake an ordinary young man for a Greek god or an ordinary young woman for a goddess. 陷于恋爱不过是进入长久的感觉缺失状态──把一个平平常常的小伙子误认为希腊神话的神，或将一个普普通通的姑娘当成女神。She's tired of their perpetual chatter. 她对他们没完没了的闲谈感到厌倦。Double agents live in a perpetual state of fear. 两面派永远过着提心吊胆的生活。
perplex [pK'pleks] v. 使困惑, 使费解, 使复杂化 【同】puzzle; confound; bewilder; confuse 【例】The whole fair is very perplexing. 整件事令人感到莫名其妙。When new math was introduced into schools, many parents were perplexed by it. 当学校开设新的数学课时，许多家长对此感 到迷惑不解。Faced with that dilemma, he was perplexed. 他面对进退两难的局面，不知如何是好。
persecute ['pK:sikju:t] vt. 1.迫害, 虐待2.纠缠, 骚扰 【同】punish or treat cruelly; worry 【例】Throughout history religious minorities have been persecuted. 纵观历史，宗教上的少数派始终受迫害。They came to America after being persecuted for their religious beliefs. 他们是在他们因宗教信仰而受到迫害之后来 到美洲的。He persecuted me with various delicate questions. 他用种种微妙的问题把我难倒了。
persist [pK'sist] vi. 1.(in)坚持不懈, 执意2.持续, 继续存在 【例】If you persist in breaking the law you will go to prison. 如果你再继续违法的话，你会坐牢的。The cold weather will persist for the rest of the week. 这种寒冷的天气将持续到本周末。
personality [,pK:sK'n<liti] n.1.人格, 名人2.人物, 名人 【同】character; nature; figure 【例】Personality is to man what perfume is to a flower. 个性之于人一如香气之于花。He has a dynamic personality. 他是个性活跃的人。She is quite a personality. 她相当有个性。It is quite obvious that, in an enjoyable classroom lesson, not only do we learn the knowledge in books but we also acquire some spiritual things brought about by the teacher’s personality. 很明显，在趣味性的课堂上，我们不仅仅学到了书本知识，而且还获得了由老师的个性带来的精神食粮。
perspective [pK'spektiv] n.1.视角, 观点, 想法2.远景, 景观3.透视画法, 透视图 【同】aspect; attitude; viewpoint 【例】If a woman’s adult efforts are concentrated exclusively on her children, she is more likely to stifle than broaden her children’s perspective and preparation for adult life. 如果一位妇女把成年后的心思全都用在孩子身上，她更有可能是压制而非拓宽孩子对成年生活的视角和准备。You must get the story in its right perspectives. 你必须正确地了解这件事。Artists didn't understand perspective in those days. 在那个年代艺术家们不懂透视法。
persuasion [pK'sweiZn] n.1.说服(力), 劝说2.信念, 信仰 【例】In spite of my efforts at persuasion, he wouldn't agree. 尽管我努力劝说，他还是不同意。It's my persuasion that such people should not be allowed to enter this country. 我认为不该让这样的人进入这个国家。
pessimistic [,pesi'mistik] a. 悲观(主义)的
pest [pest] n.1.有害生物, 害虫2.讨厌的人 【例】Stores of grain are frequently attacked by pests. 储存的谷物经常受到害虫的破坏。That child is an absolute pest! 那孩子讨厌极了!
petition [pK'tiSn] n.请愿书, 申请书, 诉状 v. (向...)请愿, 正式请求 【同】appeal; earnest request; prayer 【例】Business underlies everything in our national life, including our spiritual life. Witness the fact that in the Lord’s Prayer the first petition is for daily bread. 工作是我们国家生活中一切事情的基础，包括我们的精神生活，主祷文首先祈求每日的食粮便是明证。They rejected his petition for naturalization. 他们拒绝了他的入籍申请。She filed a petition for divorce. 她提出了离婚申请。She petitioned her neighbor to turn down the radio. 她请求邻居把收音机关小点声。
petty ['peti] a. 1.小的, 琐碎的, 不重要的2.气量小的, 心胸狭窄的 【同】trivial; insignificant; unimportant 【例】Women who are in love forgive grave infidelities more than petty indiscretions. 恋爱中的女子更多地原谅重大的不忠实而非细小的不检点。She is very petty at times. 她有时很小心眼。
phase [feiz] n.1.阶段, 时期2.面, 方面3.(月)相, 相位 vt. 分阶段实行(或计划) 【同】state; stage; aspect 【例】It is often at the concluding phase of a work that we know how we should have done it. 我们往往是在工作的最后阶段才明白本应如何去做。The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。The two sets of traffic lights were out of phase. 那两组交通灯不同步。
photoelectric [,fKutKui'lektrik] a.光电的
photographic [,fKutK'gr<fik] a.摄影的，摄影用的 【例】He is working in his photographic studio. 他正在摄影室工作。My little brother has a photographic memory. 我的小弟弟有着过目不忘的记忆力。
physical ['fizikl] a. 1.身体的, 肉体的2.物理的, 物理学的3.物质的, 有形的 n.体检 【同】actually; bodily; materially 【例】Mankind never loses any good thing, physical, intellectual, or moral, till it finds a better, and then the loss is a gain. 人类决不会丢失任何好的东西，物质的、知识的或道德的都不会，除非发现了更好的；那时的失去也就是获得。It's a physical impossibility to be in two places at one time. 同时在两地是自然规律上不可能的事。
physician [fi'ziSn] n.内科医生 【例】He was attended by his personal physician. 他的私人医生护理他。
pickpocket ['pikpOkit] n. 扒手
pickup ['pikVp] n. 收集;整理; ?刺激物?
pictorial [pik'tO:riKl] a. 绘画的,插图的,用图画表示的 【例】We have watched the pictorial record of the event. 我们已观看了这一事件的图片记录。
pierce [piKs] v. 1.刺穿, 刺破, 穿透2.穿孔(于), 打眼(于) 【例】The needle pierced her finger. 针刺进了她的手指。The regiment pierced through the enemy's lines. 这个团突破了敌军防线。
pigeon ['pidZKn] n.鸽子 【例】He is building a pigeon house for his racing pigeons. 他正在为他的赛鸽建鸽棚。
pill [pil] n.药丸 【例】Occasionally she had to take sleeping pills. 她偶尔不得不吃安眠药。
pillar ['pilK] n.1.柱, 支柱2.台柱, 栋梁 【例】The enemy was hurried from pillar to post. 敌人被赶得东逃西窜走投无路。He has been a pillar of the Church all his life. 他一生都是教会的热心支持者。
pillow ['pilKu] n.枕头 【例】I want to consult with my pillow before I take a decision. 在我做出决定前，我要好好考虑一下。Her arm pillowed the sleeping child. 熟睡的孩子枕着她的手臂。
pinch [pintS] v. 1.捏, 掐2.夹痛, 轧痛 n.1.捏, 掐2.(一)撮, 微量 【例】The new shoes pinched my toes. 这双新鞋紧得夹脚趾。He was pinched with cold and hunger. 他饥寒交迫。The door pinched my finger as it shut. 门关上时夹了我的手指。
pint [paint] n.品脱 【例】I bought a pint of milk in the store. 我在这家商店里买了一品脱牛奶。
pipeline ['paiplain] n.管道，管线
pirate ['pairKt] n.1.非法盗印(或复制)者, 侵犯版权者2.海盗 vt. 盗用, 非法盗印(或复制) 【例】The sailor suddenly saw a pirate jumping onto the deck. 那水手忽然看到一名海盗跳上了甲板。
pistol ['pistl] n.手枪 【例】The runners were called back because one of them beat the pistol. 赛跑运动员们被叫回来，因为他们中有一人 抢跑了。
piston ['pistKn] n.活塞
pitch [pitS] n.1.(板球、足球等的)球场2.程度, 强度3.(音符或嗓音的)高度, 音高4.沥青 vt. 1.投掷, 扔2.使猛然倒下3.(用某种方式或水平)表达, 把...定于特定程度(或标准等) 4. 【例】Touch pitch, and you will be defiled. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。We planned to pitch our camps in the mountains. 我们计划在山里扎营。The ship pitched in the storm. 船在风暴中颠簸。
plague [pleig] n.1.瘟疫, 鼠疫2.灾难, 祸患 vt. 使痛苦(或难受), 给...造成困难(或麻烦) 【同】disturb; epidemic; bother 【例】One was never married, and that’s his hell; another is, and that’s his plague. 一个人从未结婚，这是他的痛苦；另一个结了婚，这是他的灾难。A great plague was then raging in the city. 那时一场大瘟疫正在该城肆虐。The plague has broken out. 突然发生了鼠疫。
planet ['pl<nit] n.行星 【例】The Earth is a planet. 地球是一颗行星。The planets of our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. 我们太阳系的行星有水星、金星、地球、火 星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星和冥王星。
plantation [pl<n'teiSn] n.种植园, 人工林 【例】There were hundreds of slaves in the plantation. 这个种植园里有数百名奴隶。
plaster ['plA:stK] n.1.灰浆, 灰泥2.石膏3.橡皮膏, 膏药 vt. 在...上抹灰泥, 厚厚地涂抹 【例】The doctor had to hold his broken arm with a plaster cast. 医生不得不用石膏绷带来固定他断了的胳膊。
plateau ['pl<tKu] n.1.高原2.(上升后的)稳定时期(或状态) 【例】Sales have now reached a plateau. 销售现已开始停滞不前。
plausible ['plO:zKbl] a. 似有道理的, 似乎正确的, 貌似可信的 【同】hypocritical; deceptive 【例】They provided a plausible explanation for the phenomenon. 他对这个现象给出了一个似乎有理的解释。
plead [pli:d] vi. 1.恳求, 请求2.申诉, 答辩, 辩护 vt. 1.为...辩护2.提出...为理由(或借口) 【同】defend; ask earnestly 【例】He reminds me of the man who murdered both his parents and then, when sentence was about to be announced, pleaded for mercy on the grounds that he was an orphan. 他使我想起了一个人，这人试谋害了亲生父母，在即将宣判时又乞求从宽，理由为自己是个孤儿。He pleaded with his mother to allow him to go to the circus. 他请求他母亲答应他去看马戏。She pleaded that she felt very tired. 她推说她觉得很疲劳。The girl charged with murder was said to be mad and unfit to plead. 据说那个被指控谋杀的女孩是疯子，不能为自己申辩。
pledge [pledZ] n.保证, 誓言 vt. 保证, 许诺 【同】oath; vow; agreement; promise 【例】We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor. 我们互相保证彼此的生命、财产和神圣的名誉。Take this ring as a pledge of our friendship. 请接受这个戒指作为我们友谊的信物。She pledged her support to us. 她保证支持我们。They pledged never to tell the secret. 他们发誓决不泄密。
plentiful ['plentifKl] a. 丰富的, 充足的, 大量的 【例】The camp has a plentiful supply of food. 营地有充足的食品供应。
plot [plOt] n.1.故事情节2.(秘密)计划, 密谋3.小块地皮, 小块土地 vt. 1.密谋, 计划2.绘制...平面图, 在图上标绘...的位置 vi. 密谋, 计划 【同】scheme; trick; ground 【例】We tolerate differences of opinion in people who are familiar to us. But differences of opinion in people we do not know sound like heresy or plots. 我们容忍熟悉的人的不同意见。然而不了解的人的不同意见听起来像是异端或阴谋。I grow potatoes on my little plot of land. 我在那一小块地上种土豆。The plot thickens. 情节复杂起来了。They are plotting how to murder him. 他们在密谋如何杀害他。They plotted the new position of each vessel. 他们标明每艘船的新位置。
plug [plVg] n.1.插头, 插座2.塞子, 栓 vt. 把...塞住, 用...塞住 【例】You can plug into the national computer network. 你可以接通全国计算机网络。She pulled the plug out of the bathtub and the dirty water ran away. 她把浴缸的塞子拔掉，脏水流走了。
plunge [plVndZ] vi. 1.纵身投入, 一头进入2.猛冲3.猛跌, 骤降 vt. 1.(猛力)把...投入(或刺进)2.使突然陷入, 遭受 n.1.投身入水2.猛跌, 骤降 【例】She plunged her hands into her coat pockets. 她把两手插在上衣口袋里。The car stopped suddenly and he plunged forward. 汽车突然停下，他的身子朝前一冲。
plural ['pluKrKl] a. 复数的 n.复数 【例】Most plural nouns in English end in s. 英语的复数名词多以s结尾。The verb should be in the plural. 这个动词应用复数形式。
plus [plVs] prep. 加, 加上 n.1.加号, 正号2.有利因素 a. 表示加的, 正的 【例】The bill was USD10, plus USD1 for postage. 帐款是10美元，再加上一美元邮费。We've got to fit five people plus all their luggage in the car. 我们得在汽车里挤下五个人和全部行李。Two plus five is seven. 二加五等于七。
pneumonia [nju:'mKuniK] n.肺炎 【例】Take care of getting atypical pneumonia. 小心得非典型性肺炎。
poisonous ['pOizKnKs] a. 1.有毒的2.恶毒的, 刻毒的 【例】Some plants have poisonous berries. 有些植物的浆果有毒。She gave him a poisonous look. 她恶狠狠地瞪了他一眼。
polish ['pOliS] vt. 1.磨光, 擦亮2.修改, 使优美, 润色 n.擦光剂, 上光腊 【同】shine; glaze 【例】We must beat the iron while it is hot, but we may polish it at leisure. 打铁必须趁热，抛光可待暇时。I polished my buttons with a handkerchief. 我用手帕把钮扣擦亮。It's an honest book but it hasn't been polished. 这本书写得真诚坦率，但还未经润色。
politics ['pOlKtiks] n.1.政治, 政治学2.政纲, 政见
poll [pOl] n.1.民意测验2.[常pl.] 政治选举, 大选 vt. 1.对...进行民意测验2.获得(...张选票) 【同】question; register; enroll; examine 【例】Do you ever get the feeling that the only reason we have elections is to find out if the polls were right? 你有没有过这种感觉，即我们举行选举的惟一理由就是弄清民意测验是否准确？ The result of the poll won't be known until midnight. 投票结果要到半夜才能知道。Mr. Hill polled over 3,000 votes. 希尔先生获得3,000 多票。A large vote was polled. 投票踊跃。
pollute [pK'lu:t] vt. 1.弄脏, 污染2.腐蚀 【例】The river has been polluted by waste products from the factory. 这条河已经受到工厂排放的废料的污染。It prevents children from being polluted by some negative influence. 它使儿童避免受到一些负面影响。
popularity [,pOpju'l<riti] n.通俗性；普及，流行 【例】His popularity among working people remains as strong as ever. 他在劳动人民中一如既往声望很高。Her books have been in popularity recently. 她的书近来大受欢迎。
porridge ['pOridZ] n.粥，麦片粥 【例】I had a bowl of porridge for breakfast. 我早餐吃了一碗麦片粥。
portable ['pO:tKbl] a. 便于携带的, 手提式的, 轻便的 【例】Portable telephones are very popular nowadays. 现今，移动电话非常普及。The documents have been typed into a portable computer. 文件已经被输入到一台便携式电脑里了。
porter ['pO:tK] n.1.搬运工作2.看门人, 大楼管理员 【例】The porter will carry your luggage to your room. 搬运工会把你的行李搬到你的房间去的。
portrait ['pO:trit] n.肖像, 画像 【例】He finished the portrait in a few minutes. 他几分钟就完成了一副肖像画。She had her portrait painted. 她让人给自己画了像。The book contains a fascinating portrait of life at the court of Henry VIII. 该书生动地描写了亨利八世的宫廷生活。
pose [pKuz] vt. 1.造成, 引起(困难等)2.提出(问题等), 陈述(论点等) vi. 1.摆姿势2.假装, 冒充, 装腔作势 n.样子, 姿势 【同】pretend; act 【例】She poses as an expert in old coins. 她自诩为古币专家。The artist posed his model carefully. 这个艺术家仔细地把他的模型放好。All the subjects are well posed. 所有的东西都摆好了位置。Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species. 污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。He is always talking about his deep interest in literature, but it's just a pose. 他经常说他对文学有浓厚的兴趣，其实这不过是附庸风雅而已。
possibility [,pOsK'biliti] n.1.可能(性)2.可能的事 【例】We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong. 我们必须承认，我们有可能搞错了。She thought of several possibilities. 她考虑了几种可能的情况。I see great possibilities in the scheme. 我看这计划很可能成功。
postage ['pKustidZ] n.邮费, 邮资 【例】What is the postage for an air letter? 寄一封航空信的邮费要多少？
postal ['pKustl] a.邮政的，邮局的 【例】He sent me some postal cards from Paris. 他从巴黎给我寄来几张明信片。
postman ['pKustmKn] n.邮递员 【例】The postman was bitten by a fierce dog. 那个邮递员被一只恶狗咬了。
potential [pK'tenSl] a. 潜在的, 可能的 n.潜力, 潜能 【同】implied; inherent 【例】Most of us haven’t begun to tap our own for happiness. It is as if we are waiting for permission to start living fully, but the only person who can give us that permission is ourselves. 我们大多数人尚未着手开发自身获取幸福的潜力。我们仿佛在等待开始充分生活的允许，可是惟一能够给予这种允许的人就是我们自己。Education develops potential abilities. 教育能开发人的潜能。He hasn't realized his full potential yet. 他还没有意识到他的全部潜能。If man’s attention is only put on the potential of scientific achievements, the earth’s limited resources will not be able to feed the increasing mouths. 如果人类的注意力仍然只放在技术的开发的潜能上，那么，地球上有限的资源将无法在供养不断增多的人口。
poultry ['pKultri] n.家禽, 禽肉 【例】The poultry are being fed. 家禽正在吃饲料。Poultry is rather cheap now. 现在的禽肉相当便宜。
powder ['paudK] n.粉, 粉末 【例】He took a powder every morning. 他每天服用药粉。I know the smell of powder. 我上过战场。
powerful ['pauKfKl] a. 1.强大的, 有力的, 有权的2.强壮的, 强健的 【例】This defeat was a powerful blow to the enemy. 这次失败是对敌人的有力的打击。
practically ['pr<ktikli] ad.1.几乎, 简直2.实际上 【同】unimaginatively; effectively; almost 【例】I have often been struck by the fact that the symptoms of laziness and fatigue are practically identical. 这一事实常常给我以很深印象：懒散和疲劳的征候实际上是相同的。He knew practically no English. 他实际上不懂英语。He is practically ruined. 他几乎破产了。
precaution [pri'kO:Sn] n.预防, 防备, 警惕 【同】forethought; regard; care 【例】There is only one danger I find in life —— you may take too many precautions. 我发现生活中只有一种危险──你可能对危险采取了过多的预防措施。I took the precaution of locking everything in the safe. 我把一切东西都锁在保险箱里以防万一。You should take an umbrella just as a precaution. 你该带把伞，有备无患。
precede [pri'si:d] vt. 在…之前, 先于 【例】He came in, preceded by his wife. 他和他的妻子一前一后地走了进来。He preceded his speech with a few words of welcome the special guests. 他在演讲之前先说了几句对特邀来宾表示欢迎的话。
preceding [pri'si:diN] a. 在先的, 在前的, 前面的 【同】previous; prior; ahead of 【例】This has been explained in the preceding chapters. 这在前面几章里已经解释过了。
precise [pri'sais] a. 1.精确的, 准确的2.严谨的 【例】At the precise moment that I put my foot on the step, the bus started. 恰恰就在我登上公共汽车踏板的时候，车子开动了。
precision [pri'siZn] n.精确(性), 精密(度) 【例】Your report lacks precision. 你的报告不够准确。The diagram had been copied with great precision. 该图表的复印件很精确。
predict [pri'dikt] vt. 预言, 预测, 预告 【例】The economists predicted an increase in the rate of inflation. 经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。The fortune-teller predicted that I would marry a doctor. 算命先生预言我会同一位医生结婚。
predominant [pri'dOminKnt] a. 占主导地位的, 显著的 【同】influential; dominant; prevailing 【例】Which country is the predominant member of the alliance? 哪个国家在联盟居于支配地位？ Which country is the predominant member of the alliance? 哪个国家在联盟中居于支配地位？ Her predominant characteristic is honesty. 她最为突出的特点是诚实。
preface ['prefis] n.序言, 引言, 前言 【同】introduction; beginning 【例】Ms. asked me to write a preface to her book. 杜女士请我给她的书写一篇序言。The preface of this book is very brief. 这本书的序言非常简短。The preface of this diary recounted her life. 这本日记的前言叙述了她的生活。She prefaced her remarks with a few words of welcome to the guest. 她先讲了几句对客人表示欢迎的话作为开场白。
preferable ['prefrKbl] a. 更可取的, 更好的, 更合意的 【同】desirable; favorable 【例】Ignorance is preferable to error; and he is less remote from the truth who believes nothing, than he who believes what is wrong. 无知犹胜于错误。什么都不相信的人与真理的距离不像相信谬论的人的那样远。He finds country life preferable to that of living in the city. 他感到在乡村生活比在城市更好。Cold food would be preferable in this heat. 在这样的热天吃冷食更好。
preference ['prefrKns] n.1.喜爱, 偏爱, 优先(权)2.偏爱的事物(或人) 【例】I don't know your preferences, so please help yourself. 我不知道你喜欢吃什么，请你自便吧。We've granted that country special trade preferences. 我们给了那个国家特殊的贸易优惠。In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience. 对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。
prejudice ['predZudis] n.偏见, 成见 vt. 1.使有偏见2.对…不利, 损害 【同】unfairness; partiality; inclination 【例】Prejudice is the child of ignorance. 偏见是无知的产物。A judge must be free from prejudice. 法官必须不抱成见。They accused him of having a prejudice against his women employees. 他们指责他歧视女雇员。A new law has been brought in to discourage racial prejudice. 一项反对种族歧视的新法律已被提出。His pleasant voice and manner prejudiced the jury in his favor. 他那令人愉快的声音和举止使陪审团对他产生了偏心。
preliminary [pri'liminKri] a. 预备的, 初步的 n.初步做法, 起始行为 【同】introductory; preceding; preparatory 【例】The Three Gorges Project has completed its preliminary stage successfully. 三峡工程首期已顺利完成。Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition. 我们队在这次比赛的预赛中遭淘汰。May I make a few preliminary remarks before we start the interview? 在我们开始面试之前，我先说几句话可以吗？ There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before you can visit a foreign country. 在出访外国之前要做好许多准备工作。
preparation [,prepK'reiSn] n.1.准备(工作), 预备2.制剂 【例】He didn't do any preparation for this exam, so he failed. 他考试前没做任何准备，所以不及格。Preparations for the Queen's visit are almost complete. 女王访问的筹备工作已基本就绪。
preposition [,prepK'ziSn] n.介词 【例】Preposition is abbreviated as prep. in this dictionary. 介词在词典中略作 prep.。
prescribe [pri'skraib] vt. 1.开(药), 吩咐采用(某种疗法)2.规定, 指定 【同】guide; direct; order 【例】If I were a medical man, I should prescribe a holiday to any patient who considered his work important. 我如果是医生，就会给一切认为自己的工作非同小可的病人开一天假的处方。What medicine did the doctor prescribe for your illness? 医生开了什么药来治你的病？ Regulations prescribe that a lawyer draw up the paper. 条文规定必须由律师拟定此公文。
prescription [pri'skripSn] n.1.处方, 药方, (医生开的)药2.开处方, 开药方 【例】The doctor is writing a prescription. 医生正在开处方。His prescription for economic recovery was not well received. 他为经济复苏提出的对策反应不佳。The prescription of drugs is a doctor's responsibility. 开药方是医生的职责。
presently ['prezntli] ad. 1.不久, 一会儿2.现在, 目前 【例】The doctor will be here presently. 医生一会儿就到。The professor is presently writing a book. 这位教授目前正在写一本书。
preservation [,prezK'veiSn] n.保存，储藏；保持 【例】The aim of the policy is the preservation of peace. 这一政策旨在维护和平。The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation. 这些画保存的非常好。
preside [pri'zaid] vi. (at, over)主持, 主管 【例】The old professor had presided over a seminar for theoretical physicists. 老教授主持了一次理论物理学家的研讨会。The hostess presided at table with tact and urbanity. 女主人招待客人进餐时风雅而又得体。Some people believe that the Fates preside over man's destiny. 有些人相信，命运之神支配人类的命运。
presumably [pri'zju:mKbli] ad. 大概, 可能, 据推测 【同】likely; probably; reasonably 【例】She is aware of the difficulties, presumably? 她对这些困难大概了解吧？
presume [pri'zju:m] vt. 1.推测, 假定, (没有证据地)相信2.冒昧(做), 擅(做)3.认定, 推定 vi. 擅自行事 【例】The law presumes innocence until guilt is proved. 在罪状未证实前，法律假定被告无罪。I didn't presume to interpret it. 我不敢对这一点妄加解释。A signed invoice presumes receipt of the shipment. 经过签字的发票表示货物已经收到。
pretext ['pri:tekst] n.借口, 托词 【同】excuse; pretense 【例】We’ll have to find a pretext for not going to the party. 我们不去参加聚会得找个借口才是。He came to see me on the pretext of asking my advice. 他以请我指教为借口来看我。We'll have to find a pretext for not going to the party. 我们得找个借口不去参加聚会。
prevail [pri'veil] vi. 1.流行, 盛行2.(over)获胜, 占优势3.(on, upon)说服, 劝说, 诱使 【同】predominate; control; command 【例】Sadness prevailed in our mind. 我们的心中充满悲痛。Misty weather prevails in this part of the country. 该国的这一地区天气多雾。
prevalent ['prevKlKnt] a. 流行的, 普遍的 【例】Eye diseases are prevalent in some tropical countries. 在一些热带国家，眼疾很流行。
previous ['pri:viKs] a. 1.先, 前, 以前的2.(to)在...之前 【例】Have you had previous career experience? 你过去有过工作经验吗？ Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter among ourselves. 在会议之前，我们讨论了这个问题。
priceless ['praislKs] adj.无价的，极贵的
prime [praim] a. 1.首要的, 主要的2.最好的, 第一流的 n.1.青春, 壮年2.全盛时期 vt. 使完成准备工作, 使准备好 【同】earliest; principal; original 【例】what is the prime of life? May it not be defined as a period of about twenty years in woman’s life, and thirty in man’s? 生命的黄金时节何在？难道不就是女人生命中大约20年、男人生命中大约30 年的一段时期么？ What was said was of prime importance. 说过的那件事是很重要的。He makes it his prime care. 他极为重视这件事。
primitive ['primitiv] a. 1.原始的, 早期的2.简单的, 粗糙的 n.原(始)人, 原始事物 【同】ancient; savage; fundamental 【例】With the warmth of embers in my face, a black night around me and a star-pierced sky above, I feel transplanted above, I feel transposed to an ancestor in a primitive age. 脸上是余烬的温暖，周围是暗夜，头上是星光闪耀的夜空，我感到自己变成了原始时期的先民。Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones. 原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具。Small seashells were often used as a primitive kind of money. 小贝壳常被用作简单的货币。
principle ['prinsKpl] n.1.原则, 原理, 道义2.基本信念, 信条 【例】We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. 我们必须坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。
priority [prai'OrKti] n.1.优先(权), 重点2.优先考虑的事 【同】superiority; preference; precedence 【例】We should give priority to such a problem. 我们必须优先解决这一个问题。Individuals with limited budgets usually get their priorities right: they provide themselves with necessities before trying to obtain luxuries. 资金不足的个人通常会分清轻重缓急:先保障生活必需品，然后才希图奢侈品。
privilege ['privKlidZ] n.特权, 优惠 【同】right; opportunity 【例】To have become a deeper man is the privilege of those who have suffered. 变得更加深谋远虑是受磨难的人的特权。It was a privilege to work with him. 和他在一起工作是一项殊荣。
probe [prKub] v. 1.探索, 查究, 调查2.用探针(或探测器等)探查，探测 n.1.探针, 探测器2.探索, 调查 【同】investigate; examine 【例】Imagination mean profundity. No cerebral function can probe more deeply into the objects. 想象意味着深度，大脑的任何功能都不能比想象更深入对象。Information about Venus obtained by Russian probes has been published on some magazines. 许多杂志发表了由俄国航天探测器获得的有关金星的信息。The journalist was probing into several financial scandals. 那记者正在调查几起财务丑闻。He probed the mud with a stick, looking for the ring he had dropped. 他用树枝在泥里探寻，想找回丢失的戒指。
procedure [prK'si:dZK] n.程序, 手续, 步骤 【同】fashion; style; plan 【例】All was fair in love, war, and parliamentary procedure. 在求爱、战争和议会程序中，怎么做都是公平的。He is familiar with export procedure. 他对出口程序很熟悉。Obtaining a refund from the company is a complicated procedure. 向公司索取退款手续很复杂。What's the procedure for opening a bank account? 在银行开办账户要办什么手续？
proceeding [prK'si:diN] n.程序，行动，事项 【同】process; transaction; performance 【例】The proceedings will begin with a speech to welcome the guests. 大会议程首先是向来宾致欢迎词。
process ['prKuses] n.1.过程, 进程2.工序, 制作法3.(法律)程序, (诉讼)手续 vt. 加工, 处理, 办理 【例】Producing a dictionary is a slow process. 编成一本字典是一个缓慢的过程。It will do harm to the whole process of their growth. 这对他们的厂长过程是有害的。
procession [prK'seSn] n.队伍, 行列 【例】The troops walked in procession through the street. 军队排成队伍走过街道。
proclaim [prK'kleim] vt. 1.宣告, 宣布, 声明2.显示 【同】declare; advertise 【例】The optimist proclaims that we live in the best of the possible worlds; and the pessimist fears this is true. 乐观主义者声称我们生活在所能生活的最好的世界上，悲观者则生怕这是真的。The president proclaimed that a new currency would be issued. 总统宣布将发行新货币。His accent proclaimed that he was an American. 他的口音表明他是一个美国人。
productive [prK'dVktiv] a. 1.多产的, 富饶的2.富有成效的 【例】They work hard, but their efforts are not very productive. 他们很努力，但效率不太高。She was elected a productive worker. 她被选为劳动能手。I spent a very productive hour in the library. 我在图书馆里的这一小时收获很大。
profession [prK'feSn] n.1.职业, 自由职业2.[the -] 同业, 同行3.公开表示, 表白 【例】He is a doctor by profession. 他的职业是医生。I don't believe her profession of friendship for us. 我不相信她声称同我们友好。Finally, I was aware that in today’s world professions require years of specialized training. 最后，我很清楚，在今天的社会上，许多职业要求受到过多年的专业培训。
proficiency [prK'fiSnsi] n.熟练, 精通 【同】learning; knowledge; ability 【例】A computer certificate will indicate your proficiency in computer. 计算机证书将证明你精通此道。
profile ['prKufail] n.1.(面部或头部的)侧面(像)2.传略, 人称简介3.轮廓, 形象4.姿态, 引人注目的状态 vt. 为...描绘(轮廓等), 写...传略(或概况) 【同】figure; form; outline 【例】A face in profile cannot stimulate a smile among children. 小孩不会因看到一个人脸的侧面而微笑。I photographed him in profile. 我从侧面给他拍照。The government is trying to keep a low profile on this issue. 政府力图在这个问题上保持低姿态。My boss asked me to write a profile for the new tennis champion. 我上司让我给这位新网球冠军写篇小传。
profound [prK'faund] a. 深度的, 深切的, 深远的2.知识渊博的, 见解深刻的3.深奥的 【同】deep; bottomless; subterranean 【例】The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth. 一种正确说法的对立物是一种错误的说法。一种深刻的真理的对立物则很可能是另一种深刻的真理。Strange creatures live in the profound depths of the ocean. 大洋深处生活着奇异的生物。Our professor is a man of profound learning. 我们的教授是一个学识渊博的人。They listened to the speaker with profound interest. 他们怀着浓厚的兴趣聆听着演讲者。
progressive [prK'gresiv] a. 1.进步的, 先进的2.前进的, 渐进的, 累进的3.(动词)进行式的 【同】advancing; mounting; liberal 【例】The grandest of all laws is the law of development. 一切法则之中，至高无上的是进步发展的法则。That famous progressive thinker was asked to deliver a speech at the meeting. 那位著名的进步思想家被邀请在会议上发表演讲。Could this verb be used in progressive form? 这个动词可以用进行式吗？
prohibit [prK'hibit] vt. 禁止, 不准 【同】forbid; restrict; ban 【例】Nature’s law affirm instead of prohibit. If you violate her laws, you are your own persecuting attorney, judge, jury and hangman. 自然法则只下断言不加阻止。倘若违返，你就成为自己的检察官、法官、陪审团，以及刽子手。Smoking is prohibited here. 这里禁止吸烟。I fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me from joining you in dinner. 有约在先，我恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。Rainy weather and fog prohibited flying. 雨天和大雾妨碍了飞行。In recent years, students from both primary and middle schools are, for many times, prohibited from playing video games, but in vain. 近年来，多次禁止中小学生玩电子游戏，但是却无济于事。
project ['prOdZekt] n.1.方案, 计划2.课题, 项目3.工程 vt. 1.投射, 发射, 放映2.使伸出 vi. 伸出, 突出 【同】outline; plan; thrust out 【例】Young men are fitter to invent than to judge; fitter for execution than for counsel; and fitter for new projects than for settled business. 年轻人更适于创新而非判断，执行而非决策，从事新的计划而既定工作。Their project to establish a new national park will be completed next year. 他们建造一个新的国家公园的工程将于明年完工。A missile was projected into space. 导弹被发射升空。He planted some flowers on the balcony that projects over the street. 他在那个伸出到街上的阳台上种了些花。Artistic projects, which are symbols of the city, can boost local tourism.作为城市的象征，艺术项目能促进当地的旅游业。
projector [prK'dZektK] n.投影仪；探照灯
prolong [prK'lON] vt. 延长, 拉长, 拖延 【同】lengthen; draw out; continue 【例】The true way to render age vigorous is to prolong the youth of the mind. 使老年保持活力的可靠方法是延长心灵的青春。The meeting may be prolonged into the evening because so many problems have to be solved tonight. 会议可能要延长到夜里，因为今晚有太多问题要解决。
prominent ['prOminKnt] 1.突出的, 杰出的2.突起的, 凸出的 【同】extended; conspicuous; protruding 【例】I joke about every prominent man of my time, but I never net a man I didn’t like. 我拿同代的每个杰出人物开玩笑，不过从没有过一个我不喜欢的人。The house is in a prominent position on the village green. 这间屋子在村子的中心草地上，处于引人注目的位置。Einstein was a prominent scientist. 爱因斯坦是一位卓越的科学家。
promising ['prOmisiN] a. 有希望的, 有前途的 【同】assuring; encouraging; hopeful 【例】The young scientist is promising and he surely will succeed. 这位年轻的科学家大有所为，一定会成功的。
promote [prK'mKut] vt. 1.促进, 增进, 发扬2.提升, 提拔3.宣传, 推销(商品等) 【例】The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain. 这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。After this win, Manchester United was promoted to the First Division. 这次踢赢之后，曼彻斯特联队升入了甲级。Exercise promotes health. 锻炼可增进健康。
pronoun ['prKunaun] n.代词 【例】Please make a sentence with this pronoun. 请用这个代词造一个句子。
propeller [prK'pelK] n.螺旋桨，推进器
proportion [prK'pO:Sn] n.1.比例2.部分, 份儿3.均衡, 相称 【例】This painting lacks proportion. 这幅画比例失调。We are trying to reduce the problem to manageable proportions. 我们正努力把问题缩小到可以控制的范围内。
propose [prK'pKuz] v. 1.提议, 建议, 提出2.提名, 推荐3.打算, 计划4.求婚 【例】He proposed that a change should be made. 他建议做一些改变。Did he propose to you? 他向你求婚了吗？ I wish to propose a toast to our friendship. 我提议为我们的友谊干杯。Some people even propose a suggestion that smoking should be totally banned in all public places.一些人甚至建议在所有公共场所完全禁止吸烟。
proposition [,prOpK'ziSn] n.1.论点, 主张2.建议, 提案3.命题 【例】Tunnelling under the English Channel is a big proposition. 在英吉利海峡海底凿隧道是一个大问题。She was propositioned by her boss. 她的老板向她提出非分的要求。
propulsion [prK'pVlSn] n.推进，推进力 【例】This aircraft works by jet propulsion. 这架飞机是喷气推进的。
prospect ['prOspekt] n.1.前景, 前途, (成本等的)可能性2.景象, 景色3.可能成为主顾的人, 有希望的候选人 vt. (for)勘探, 勘察 【同】sight; view; future; outlook 【例】Prospect is often better than possessions. 预期往往胜于拥有。This experience opened a new prospect in his mind. 这一经验为他的思想开阔了新的视野。A rich harvest is in prospect. 丰收在望。I like this program most not only because of its abundant and latest news, but also because of its analysis and prospects of the present-day world.我喜欢这个节目是因为它不仅提供了丰富的最新消息，还对当前世界进行了分析和展望。So one thing is clear enough: for the sake of our students’ prospects, teachers should also be called on to respect students and add more attention to enlightening the individuality of the students. 所以，这一点是明确的：为了学生的前程，教师也应该尊重学生，把更多的注意力放在激励学生的个性发展上。
prosperity [prO'sperKti] n.兴旺, 繁荣 【同】success; increase; accomplishment 【例】The prosperity of a people is proportionate to the number of hands and minds usefully employed. 国家的繁荣与有效使用的人手和头脑的数量成比例。We hope to have a life of happiness and prosperity. 我们希望拥有成功幸福的生活。China’s extraordinary growth has put the same kind of pressures on our environment, and the costs of growth are rising right along with our prosperity. 中国经济的迅速增长为环境保护带来了同样的压力，经济增长的成本随着我们的繁荣而上升。With the development of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and more important in our daily life. 随着物质生活的日益繁荣，广告在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。
prosperous ['prOspKrKs] a. 繁荣的, 兴旺的 【例】His business is prosperous. 他的事业兴旺发达。
protein ['prKuti:n] n.蛋白质 【例】You should eat more high-protein diet. 你应该多吃些高蛋白食物。
protest ['prKutest] n.抗议, 反对 v. 抗议, 反对 【同】disagree; object; oppose 【例】They are holding a rally to protest against the government’s defense policy. 他们正举行集会以抗议政府的防务政策。He protested his innocence. 他声言自己无罪。They protested to the mayor that the taxes were too high. 他们向市长提出抗议说税款过高。His protests on human rights sound hollow. 他就人权问题提出的抗议听来很空洞。I went to the doctor under protest. 我勉强去看了医生。
proton ['prKutOn] n.质子
provided [prK'vaidid] conj. 假如, 若是 【同】if; supposing; in the case that 【例】Let every one follow his inclinations —— provided he go upward. 让每个人都随着自己的意愿去做──只要他在追求上进。
provision [prK'viZn] n.1.供应2.准备, 预备3.条款, 规定4.给养, 口粮 【例】They are making provision for their children's education. 他们正为孩子的教育做准备。We set out with enough provisions. 我们带上足够的食品出发了。Both sides should act according to the provisions of the agreement. 双方都应按协议条款办事。They provisioned the ship for a long voyage. 他们为远航的船只准备了食品和必需品。
provoke [prK'vKuk] vt. 1.对…挑战, 激怒2.激起, 引起 【同】irritate; bother; incite 【例】Beauty provokes thieves sooner than gold. 美貌比黄金更迅速招致盗贼。He tried to provoke them into fighting. 他企图挑拨他们打架。His rudeness provoked me to strike him. 他的粗鲁惹得我揍了他。
psychological [,saikK'lOdZikl] a. 心理(学)的 【例】There could be some psychological explanation for his bad health. 他的健康不佳可能有心理上的原因。
psychology [sai'kOlKdZi] n.心理学；心理 【例】I am always interested in psychology. 我一直对心理学感兴趣。Worst of all, the psychology of such children is distorted by family breakup. 最糟糕的是，家庭解体给孩子们带来了心理障碍。
publication [,pVbli'keiSn] n.1.出版, 发行2.出版3.公布, 发表 【例】The book is ready for publication. 这本书已准备好随时出版。The library gets the usual monthly publications. 这家图书馆订的是那些常见的月刊。
publicity [pVb'lisKti] n.1.公众的注意, 名声2.宣传, 宣扬 【同】being made known; advertising 【例】Nobel is cheerful in company but sad in private. He tried to avoid publicity. 诺贝尔在与人相处时很高兴，独处时很悲伤。他不愿意抛头露 | |
