B
bachelor ['b<tSKlK] n. 1.单身男子，单身汉2.学士，学士学位 【例】He is still a bachelor. 他还是一个单身汉。I have a bachelor degree. 我有学士学位。
background ['b<kgraund] n. 1.出身背景，经历2.背景资料3.（画等的）背景，底子 【例】He has a working-class background. 他是工人阶级出身。He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention. 他呆在幕后为了避开公众的注意。
backward ['b<kwKd] a. 1.向后的，反向的2.落后的，进步慢的 ad. [-(s)] 1.向后，往回2.朝反方向，倒 【例】Although he is clever, he is backward in giving his views. 他虽然很聪明，却不善发表他的意见。He looked backward over his shoulder. 他回头向后看。
bacon ['beikKn] n. 咸肉
bacterium [b<k'tiKriKm] n. （pl. bacteria [b<k'tiKriK]） 细菌【例】Many diseases are caused by bacteria. 许多疾病是由细菌引起的。
badge [b<dZ] n. 1.徽章，证章2.标记，标识3.象征 【同】marker; symbol; identification 【例】He was awarded a merit badge for his bravery in the battle. 他因为在战斗中的勇猛被授予一枚奖章。Chains are a badge of slavery. 锁链是奴役的标志。
badminton ['b<dmintKn] n. 羽毛球运动 【例】I like to play badminton in my spare time. 我喜欢在闲暇时打羽毛球。
bakery ['beikKri] n. 面包店
bald [bO:ld] a. 1.秃头的，秃的2.（织物、轮胎等）磨光的3.明显的，不加掩饰的 【同】hairless; smooth; naked 【例】Time is painted with a lock before, and bald behind, signifying thereby that we must take time by the forelock, for when it is once passed there is no recalling it. 时间老人被画成前额有绺头发，而后脑却光秃秃的，这就意味着我们必须从前面抓住时间，因为只要时间一过就无可挽回。He took off the hat and revealed his bald head. 他脱下帽子，露出秃头。We planted some trees on the bald hill. 我们在一座秃山上种了些树。
balloon [bK'lu:n] n. 气球 【例】There are some color balloons. 那儿有些彩色的气球。
ban [b<n] vt. 1.取缔，查禁2.(from)禁止 n. 禁止，禁令 【同】prohibit; forbid 【例】Any electronic devices should be banned during takeoff and landing. 在飞机起飞或着陆时禁止使用任何电子设备。There is a ban on smoking in the theatre. 这剧院内禁止吸烟。The government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 政府已经禁止使用化学武器。With a computer, children can work out problems quickly but what they have learned is just typing skills not mathematics skills, so I think computer should be banned in class. 用计算机孩子们可以很快的解决问题，但是他们学到的只是打字技巧而不是数学技巧，因此，我认为在课堂上应禁止使用计算机。
banana [bK'nA:nK] n. 香蕉 【例】The banana is her favorite fruit. 香蕉是她最喜欢的水果。
bandage ['b<ndidZ] n. 绷带 vt. 用绷带绑扎 【例】The wound was bound up by bandage. 伤口用绷带包扎着。
bankrupt ['b<NkrVpt] a. 1.破产的，彻底失败的2.彻底缺乏的 vt. 使破产，使枯竭 n. 破产者 【同】failed; broke; ruined 【例】A beggar can never be bankrupt. 乞丐绝不会破产。I was bankrupt and unable to pay his debts. 我破产了，不能偿还他的债务。
banner ['b<nK] n. 1.横幅2.旗，旗帜 【例】The patriots fought under the banner of freedom. 爱国者在自由的旗帜下战斗。
barber ['bA:bK] n. 理发师 【例】I had my hair cut at the barber's yesterday. 我昨天在理发店里理了发。
barrel ['b<rKl] n. 1.桶2.筒，枪（或炮）管 vi. 快速移动 【例】He bought a barrel of beer. 他买了一桶啤酒。
barrier ['b<riK] n. 1.栅栏，关卡，检票口2.障碍，隔阂3.屏障 【同】bar; obstacle; obstruction 【例】There must be no barriers to freedom of inquiry. There is no place for dogma is science. 探索的自由必须不存障碍。在科学中没有教条的位置。The horse took the barrier easily. 那匹马轻松地越过了障碍。Heavy duties on imports and exports are a barrier to international trade. 进出口的高关税是国际贸易的障碍。
baseball ['beisbO:l] n. 棒球 【例】Baseball is the national game of the USA. 棒球是美国全民喜爱的运动。
basement ['beismKnt] n. 地下室
bat [b<t] n. 1.蝙蝠2.球棒，球拍 v. 用球棒(或球拍)打(球); 详细讨论,反复推敲【例】Bats fly at night and feed on insects. 蝙蝠在夜间飞行，以昆虫为食。I want to buy a new tennis bat. 我想要买一个新网球拍。The cat batted the balloon with its paws. 猫用爪子击打气球。He batted the idea around in his head. 他脑子里反复思考这个想法。
battery ['b<tKri] n. 1.电池（组），蓄电池（组）2.排炮，炮组3.一系列，一套 【例】Most torches work on two batteries. 大多数电筒要用两节电池。
beforehand [bi'fO:h<nd] ad. 预先，事先 【例】He arrived at the meeting place beforehand. 他提前到达会面地点。
behalf [bi'hA:f] n. 利益，方面 【同】interest; benefit; sake 【例】Eyes are the spokesmen on behalf of love. 眼睛是爱情的代言人。On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
behave [bi'heiv] vi. 1.表现，举止端正2.（机器等）运转，（事物）作出反应 vt. (oneself)检点（自己）的行为 【例】How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？
belief [bi'li:f] n. 1.相信，信任2.信念，信仰 【例】He has lost his belief in God. 他已不相信上帝了。
beneficial [,beni'fiSl] a. 有益的，有利的 【同】useful; helpful; advantageous 【例】Happiness is beneficial for the body, but it is grief that develops the powers of the mind. 愉快有益于身体，但发展思维能力的是悲伤。Fresh air is beneficial to our health. 新鲜空气有益于健康。It's a beneficial result to us. 对我们来说那是有利的结果。
bet [bet] vt. 1.以...打赌，与...打赌2.敢说，确信 vi. 打赌 n. 1.打赌2.赌金，赌注 【例】Let's make a bet on the next election. 我们就下次的选举打个赌吧。I bet it will rain tomorrow. 我相信明天一定会下雨。
betray [bi'trei] vt. 1.背叛，出卖2.失信于, 辜负3.泄露(秘密等)4.(非故意地)暴露，, 显露 【同】reveal; uncover; disclose 【例】When we fail our pride supports us, when we succeed, it betrays us. 失败时自尊地支撑着我们，成功时它使我们露出本来面目。He betrayed his country. 他背叛了他的国家。The smoke from cooking betrayed the presence of the enemy. 炊烟暴露了敌人的存在。
beware [bi'wEK] v. 谨防，当心 【同】be aware of; notice 【例】Beware of the fury of a patient man. 当心脾气好的人发火。Beware of what you do with this dangerous substance. 你处理这些危险品时，可要当心。
bewilder [bi'wildK] vt. 使迷惑，使难住 【同】confound; puzzle; confuse 【例】I am totally bewildered by the clues to the crossword puzzle. 这个纵横字谜的提示完全把我弄糊涂了。Big city traffic bewilders me. 大城市的交通使我晕头转向。
bias ['baiKs] n. 偏见，偏心，偏袒 vt. 使有偏见 【同】bent; preference; prejudice 【例】Our university has a bias in favor of the sciences. 我们的大学偏重理科。He has a bias against Japanese products. 他讨厌日本的产品。Her scientific bias showed itself in early childhood. 她在科学方面的倾向性在孩童时代就已显现出来。
biography [bai'OgrKfi] n. 传记 【例】He likes to read biographies of great men to promote himself. 他喜欢读伟人传记来提高自己。
biology [bai'OlKdZi] n. 生物学 【例】We have a biology lesson tomorrow. 明天我们有一节生物课。
blank [bl<Nk] a. 1.空白的，空着的2.茫然的，无表情的 n.1.空白（处）2.空白表格 【例】Many blank spaces are still left in the suburbs. 郊区仍留有许多空地。His memory was completely blank on the subject. 关于这个题目，他已完全丧失记忆。Write your name in the blank. 在空白栏中写上你的名字。
blast [blA:st] n. 1.爆炸2.一阵（疾风等），一般（强烈的气流）vt. 炸，炸掉 【同】roar; boom; bang 【例】In one sense freedom is always in crisis, just as beauty as, and honor and truth —— all those things which man has made for himself as a garment against the ever-present blasts of the barbarian spirit. 正像美丽，名誉和真理一样，自由在某种意义上总是处于危机之中，──它们都是人类为了抵御阵阵永存的原始野性之狂风给自己制成的衣衫。A trumpeter sent out a warning blast. 号兵吹出告警的号声。Rock music blasted full from the parlor. 摇滚乐声震屋宇，从客厅传来。
bleak [bli:k] a. 1.没有希望的，凄凉2.荒凉的3.寒冷刺骨的 【同】barren; desolate; dreary 【例】The situation depicted by the author at the beginning of the passage is rather bleak. 作者在文章的开头描述了一付相当凄凉的画面。The weather in early December was bleak and unpleasant. 十二月初的天气又阴冷又难受。The future of this firm will be very bleak indeed if we keep losing money. 要是我们继续亏本的话，这家公司的前途会非常黯淡。
bleed [bli:d] vi. 出血，流血 vt. 勒索...的钱 【例】All the young soldiers are ready to bleed for the country. 所有的年轻战士都愿意为祖国洒热血。
blend [blend] v. （使）混合，（使）混杂 n.1.混合物2.混合，交融 【同】combine; mix; compound 【例】Those cottages blend well with the landscape. 那些农舍与周围的篱笆融为一体。The poem blends the separate ingredients into a unity. 这首诗把几个分开的部分融合为一体。
bloody ['blVdi] a. 1.[用于加强语气] 非常的，该死的，该受诅咒的2.血污的，流血 3.嗜杀的，残忍的 ad. [用于加强语气] 非常，很 vt. 使为血所污，血染 【例】Hundreds of soldiers died in this bloody battle. 成百上千的战士在这场血战中牺牲。
blunder ['blVndK] n. （因无知、粗心等造成的）错误 vi. 1.跌跌撞撞地走，慌乱地走2.犯错误 【同】stupid mistake; error; lapse 【例】Is man one of God’s blunder or is God one of man’s blunders? 是人类是上帝的大错，还是上帝是人类的大错？ I've made an awful blunder. 我做了一件大错特错的事。The police blundered badly by arresting the wrong man. 警方抓错了人，犯了荒唐的大错。
blush [blVS] vi. /n. 脸红 【例】She blushed when he scolded her. 他责备她时，她脸红了。The student murmured the answer with a blush. 那个学生红着脸小声说出了答案。
boiler ['bOilK] n.锅炉；热水贮槽 【例】I happened to meet him in the boiler room. 我碰巧在锅炉房碰到他。
bolt [bKult] n. 1.螺栓2.（门或窗的）插销，闩 vt. 闰，栓住 vi. 冲出去，逃跑 【例】We need an eye bolt to fit this valve. 我们需要一个有眼螺栓来固定这个阀门。The frightened boy bolted all the doors and windows. 这个吓坏了的孩子闩上了所有的门窗。
bond [bOnd] n. 1.联结，联系2.粘结剂，粘合剂3.公债，债券4.契约，合同 v. （使）粘合，（使）结合 【同】attachment; tie; union 【例】An honest man’s word is as good as his bond. 诚实的人的话跟他的契约一样可靠。Common tastes form a bond between the two men. 共同的爱好使两人结交为朋友。
bonus ['bKunKs] n. 1.奖金，红利2.额外给予的东西
boom [bu:m] n. 1.（营业等的）激增，（经济等的）繁荣，迅速发展2.隆隆声, 嗡嗡声 v. 1.激增，繁荣，迅速发展2.发出隆隆声 【同】roar; increase; swell 【例】Business is booming. 商业正在迅速发展。The oil market is enjoying a boom. 石油市场欣欣向荣。It's a boom year this year. 今年是繁荣昌盛的一年。
booth [bu:D] n. 1.（隔开的）小房间，公用电话亭，岗亭2.售货棚，货摊 【例】There is a telephone booth near the cinema. 电影院附近有一个电话亭。
bough [bau] n.树枝 【例】The bough was loaded with fruit. 树枝上果实累累。
bounce [bauns] vi. （使）弹起，（使）反弹，（使）颠跳 n. 弹，反弹 【例】The ball hit the wall and bounced off it. 球打在墙上又反弹回来。I bounced the baby on my knee. 我把婴儿放在膝上上下颠着。
boycott ['bOikOt] vt./n. （联合）抵制，拒绝参与 【同】avoid; strike; resist 【例】Athletes from several countries boycotted this Olympic Games. 有几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会。
brace [breis] vt. 1.使防备，使受锻炼2.支住，撑牢3.使绷紧 n. 支架，托架 【同】support; uphold; encourage 【例】The struts are firmly braced. 骨架的支柱很牢固。The struts are firmly braced. 那些支柱上得很牢固。
bracket ['br<kit] n. 1.括号2.（年龄、收入等的）等级段，档次3.壁架，托架 vt. 1.把...置于括号内2.把...归入同一类 【例】Put your name in brackets at the top of each page. 把你的名字填写在每页上端的括号内。The worker fixed a bracket on the wall. 工人在墙上固定了一个支架。
brand [br<nd] n. 商标，（商品的）牌子 vt. 1.打烙印于，以烙铁打（标记）2.加污名于，谴责 【例】He has his own brand of humor. 他有他独特的幽默感。These frightful experiences are branded on his memory. 这些可怕的经历深深印入他的记忆。
breed [bri:d] n. 产种，品种 vi. 繁殖，产vt. 1.饲养，繁殖2.养育，培育3.酿成，产生 【同】class; race; produce; propagate 【例】Familiarity breeds contempt. 熟悉滋生轻蔑。I had bred a dozen of chickens. 我饲养了12只小鸡。
breeze [bri:z] n. 微风，轻风 vi. 飘然而行 【例】We are enjoying the cool breeze that comes from the lake. 我们享受着湖面上吹来的凉爽微风。She breezed along, smiling at everyone. 她轻盈地向前走去，对每个人都嫣然含笑。He ran for president and breezed in. 他竞选总统，结果轻而易举地获胜了。He breezed through the task. 他轻松地做完了这项工作。
brilliant ['briliKnt] a. 1.光辉的，灿烂的2.卓越的，杰出的 【同】bright; splendid; shining 【例】My most brilliant achievement was my ability to be able to persuade my wife to marry me. 我最辉煌的成就是说服妻子嫁给我的能力。Stars are brilliant in the clear night sky. 星星在晴朗的夜空闪亮。
brim [brim] n. 1.帽檐2.（容器的）边，边缘 vi. 注满，充溢 【同】border; verge; boundary; margin 【例】If you cannot inspire a woman with love of you, full her above the brim with love of herself; all that runs over will be yours. 如果不能激起一位女子对你的爱，就用她对自己的爱盛满她吧。漫过边沿的那些都将属于你。He filled the cup to the brim. 他倒了满满一杯。He brimmed a cup with wine. 他斟满一杯酒。
brisk [brisk] a. 1.轻快的，生气勃勃的2.兴隆的，繁忙活跃的3.寒冷而清新的 【同】quick; lively; active 【例】His brisk walking aroused our curiosity. 他轻快的步伐引起了我们的好奇。A brisk walk in cool weather is invigorating. 在凉爽的天气里轻松地散步令人心旷神怡。
brittle ['britl] a. 1.易碎的，易损坏的2.脆弱的，靠不住的3.冷淡的，不友好的4.（声音）尖利的 【同】breakable; fragile; crisp 【例】Glasses and lasses are brittle ware. 玻璃和少女都是脆弱的东西。He has a brittle temper. 他脾气急。Constant stress has made our nerves brittle. 我们长期处于紧张状态，神经已经吃不消了。
brochure ['brKuSK] n. 小册子,小册
brutal ['bru:tl] a. 1.野兽般的，残忍的2.无情的，冷酷的，难以忍受的 【同】pitiless; harsh; unmerciful 【例】A brutal murderer killed ten people. 一个残忍的杀手杀死了几个人。Many a rich businessman reached the top by trampling on others in the most brutal way. 许多富商靠极其残酷地践踏别人而爬了上去。
bubble ['bVbl] n. 泡，水泡，气泡 vi. 冒泡，起泡 【同】well; boil; foam; erupt 【例】Truth is tough. It will not break, like a bubble, at a touch; you may kick it about all day like a football, and it will be round the full at evening. 真理是坚韧的。它不会像水泡似的一触即破。你可以拿它当足球整天踢来踢去，到晚上它还会是圆鼓鼓的。One generation blows bubbles, and the next breaks them. 前一代人制造出来的空洞理论，下一代人把它们打破。The gas bubbled to the surface of the water. 气体变成气泡升上水面。He bubbled questions. 他接二连三地提问题。
budget ['bVdZit] n. 预算，预算拨款 vi. (for)编预算，作安排 vt. 规划，安排 a. 低廉的，收费公道的 【同】expenditure; expenses; accounts 【例】The only good budget is a balanced budget. 只有平衡的预算才是好的预算。The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this year's budget. 人们期望财政大臣公布在本年度预算中削减税收。A family on a budget can't afford meat every day. 经济拮据的家庭不能每天享用肉食。With the limited budget, the government is unable to invest much money in education. 政府因预算有限，不能对教育进行大比投资。
buffet ['bVfit] n. 1.（火车站的）饮食柜台，（火车内的）餐车2.自助餐 vt. 反复敲打，连续猛击 【例】We had a buffet supper last evening. 昨天晚上，我们吃了一次自助晚餐。The ship buffeted through the big waves. 这艘船在波涛中奋勇前进。
bug [bVg] n. 1.虫子2.小病，（机器等）故障，缺陷3.窃听器 vt. 1.烦扰，纠缠2.在...装窃听器 【例】The police tested the room for bugs. 警察检查房间里是否放有窃听器。Our test flight was to discover the bugs in the new plane. 试验飞行是为了发现新飞机有何毛病。
bulb [bVlb] n.电灯泡；球状物 【例】Onions and lilies grow from bulbs. 洋葱和百合是从球茎中长出的。
bulk [bVlk] n. 1.(巨大)物体, (大)块, (大)团2.主体, 绝大部分3.(巨大的)体积, (大)量 vi. 变得越来越大（或重要）vt. 使更大（或更厚） 【同】mass; quantity; extent 【例】I do not have a high opinion of the bulk of mankind. I feel that the irrational forces in man’s nature are so strong that the rational forces have little chance of success against them. 我对人类的大部分没有多高的评价。我觉得人怀中非理发的力量是如此强大，理性力量几乎没有战胜它们的可能。Do they charge carriage by bulk? 他们是否按体积计算运费？ The cake bulked up. 蛋糕发起来了。
bull [bul] n. 1.公牛，雄兽2.买进证券（或商品等）投机图利者，（牟股市行情）看涨的人 【例】He likes to throw the bull. 他喜欢吹牛。
bulletin ['bulKtin] n. 1.（报纸、电台等）简明新闻，最新消息2.公告，布告，公报3.学报，期刊（尤指某机构的机关刊物） 【同】notice; release; announcement 【例】The medical association publishes a bulletin each mouth. 该医学协会每月刊印一期会刊。He posted a bulletin on the board. 他在布告板上贴了一张公告。
bump [bVmp] vi. 1.(against, into)碰，撞2.颠簸着前进 n. 1.碰撞，猛撞2.（碰撞造成的）肿块3.隆起物 【同】knock; bang; collide; crash 【例】He who hesitates gets bumped from the rear. 迟疑不决者会从后面挨撞。I've bumped my knee on the wall. 我的膝盖撞上了墙壁。We bumped up and down along the gravel path. 我们沿砾石小路颠簸而行。He fell down with a bump. 他噗通一声倒了下去。She got a bump on her head. 她头上撞起了一个包。
bundle ['bVndl] n. 捆，包，束 vt. 收集，归拢，把...塞入 【例】He sold a bundle of old magazines to the second hand bookstore. 他把一捆就杂志卖给了旧书店。
bureau ['bjuKrKu] n. 局，办事处，分社 【例】He worked in a travel bureau. 他在一家旅行社工作。
bypass ['baipA:s] n. 1.（绕过市镇的）旁道，迂回道2.分流术，旁通管 vt. 1.绕过，绕... 走2.越过，置...于不顾 【同】side route 【例】If we take the bypass, we will avoid the town center. 我们走旁道，就可以避开市镇中心。
by-product ['bai,prOdKt] n.副产品; (意外或无心的)附带生成的结果
C
cabbage ['k<bidZ] n. 卷心菜，洋白菜 【例】I like to cook dishes with cabbage. 我喜欢用洋白菜做菜。
cabinet ['k<binKt] n. 1.内阁2.贮藏橱，陈列柜 【例】The question was discussed in cabinet. 在内阁会议上讨论了这个问题。
cable ['keibl] n. 1.缆绳，钢索2.电缆3.（海底）电报 vt. 给...发电报，用电报传送 【例】A number of cables are needed in this project. 这项工程需要大量电缆。She cabled the good news about her arrival in Chicago. 她打电报说她已顺利到达芝加哥。
cafeteria [,k<fK'tiKriK] n. 自助餐馆，自助食堂
calculate ['k<lkjuleit] vt. 1.计算，核算2.估计，推测3.计划，打算 【例】The government has to calculate the likely effects on revenues of a big drop in the oil price. 政府必须估算出油价大幅度下降对财政收入可能产生的影响。The scientists calculated when the spacecraft would reach the moon. 科学家推算出宇宙飞船抵达月球的时间。The new regulations are deliberately calculated to make cheating impossible. 新的法规旨在杜绝诈骗行为。
calendar ['k<lindK] n. 日历，月历 【同】timetable; schedule; diary; list 【例】Life is not dated merely by years. Events are sometimes the best calendars. 生活不仅以年度计算，有时事是最好的历书。He put the desk calendar on the shelf. 他把台历放在书架上。
camel ['k<mKl] n. 骆驼 【例】The merchant decided to use camels to carry his goods across the desert. 商人决定用骆驼载运货物穿过沙漠。
canal [kK'n<l] n. 运河，沟渠 【例】Many oceangoing ships are sailing on the canal. 许多远洋船只在这条运河上航行。
candidate ['k<ndidKt] n. 1.申请求职者2.投考者3.候选人 【例】There are three candidates for the vacancy. 这一空缺有三名候选人。
cannon ['k<nKn] n. 大炮，火炮
canoe [kK'nu:] n. 独木舟vi. 乘独木舟，划独木舟 【例】We crossed the lake in a canoe. 我们乘独木舟过河。
canteen [k<n'ti:n] n. (工厂、学校等的) 临时餐厅, 小卖部
canvas ['k<nvKs] n. 1.帆布2.帆布画布，（帆布）油画 【同】a coarse cloth; tenting 【例】Love is a canvas furnished by nature and embroidered by imagination. 爱情是块得自天性、由想象力刺绣的画布。The artist showed me his canvases. 画家给我看了他的油画。
capacity [kK'p<siti] n. 1.容量，容积2.才能，能力3.身份，职位 【例】The lift has a capacity of 15 persons. 这部电梯的载容量为15 人。
capitalism ['k<pitKlizKm] n. 资本主义
capsule ['k<psju:l] n. 1.胶囊（剂）2.航天舱，密封舱 【例】The capsule is filled with small soluble cases. 胶囊里充满了可溶的小颗粒。This capsule is used for animals. 这个太空舱是用来装载动物的。
captive ['k<ptiv] a. 被俘虏的，被捕获的 n. 俘虏 【同】restrained; bound; restricted 【例】You are not free until you have been made captive by supreme. 在被至人的信仰俘获之前，你不是自由的。She was held captive for almost a month. 她被监禁了将近一个月。He remained a captive to her beauty. 他始终为她的美貌所迷惑。
carbon ['kA:bKn] n. 碳 【例】The stick of carbon is often used in an electric arc lamp. 碳精棒常用于电弧灯。I make a carbon copy of my documents. 我用复写纸复写文件。
career [kK'riK] n. 生涯，职业 【例】His early career was not a great success. 他早期的生涯并不很成功。
carrier ['k<riK] n. 1.运输公司，运输工具2.带菌者3.载重架，置物架 【例】He used to be a mail carrier. 他曾是个邮递员。
cartoon [kA:'tu:n] n. 1.漫画，幽默画2.动画片 【同】joke; ridicule; satire 【例】Children usually like cartoons. 孩子们通常都喜欢动画片。
cassette [kK'set] n. 盒式录音（或录像）带 【例】He bought a new cassette recorder. 他买了一台新的盒式录音机。
casual ['k<ZuKl] a. 1.漠不关心的，冷淡2.随便的，非正式的3.偶然的，碰巧的4.临时的，不定期的 【同】accidental; spontaneous; irregular 【例】As casual sheer reading-matter, I still find the English dictionary the most interesting books in our language. 作为纯粹随意浏览的读物，我还是觉得英语词典是以我们的语言写成的最有趣的书。She is casual about winning the prize. 她对获奖漫不经心。A casual newspaper reader wouldn't like articles on politics everyday. 不经心的报纸读者不会喜欢每天都有政论文章。
casualty ['k<ZuKlti] n. 1.伤亡人员，死伤者2.受害人，损失的东西
catalog ['k<tKlO:g] n. 1.目录（册）2.一系列 vt. 将...编入目录，将（书籍，资料等）编目 【例】You can look for the book in the library catalog. 你可以在图书馆的图书目录上查找这本书。Can you catalog all these books? 你能给所有这些书编目录吗？
category ['k<tigKri] n. 种类，类，类别
caution ['kO:Sn] n. 1.小心，谨慎2.注意（事项），警告 vt. 警告，劝...小心 【同】heed; attention; warning 【例】Of all forms of caution, caution in love is perhaps most fatal to true happiness. 在所有的谨慎中，爱情上的谨慎也许是对于真正的祝福最重要的一种。He told us to proceed with caution. 他要我们谨慎行事。I must caution you against the danger. 我必须告诫你应谨防危险。
cautious ['kO:SKs] a. 十分小心的，谨慎的 【例】He is cautious in his choice of words. 他措辞很谨慎。She is cautious of telling secrets. 她很谨慎，不会泄露秘密。
cellar ['selK] n. 1.地窖，地下室2.酒窖 【例】The plumber went down to the cellar to fix the leaky pipe. 管道工到地下室去修漏水的管子。
cement [si'ment] n. 1.水泥2.胶结材料 vt. 1.粘结，胶合2.巩固，使团结 【例】The floor has been cemented over. 地板上铺了一层水泥。Our object is to further cement trade relations. 我们的目标是进一步加强贸易关系。
census ['sensKs] n. 人口普查，统计 【同】official counting of all the people 【例】The population of China is nearly 1.3 billion according to the latest census. 根据最近一项人口普查，中国人口接近13亿。The census is taken one time every four years in our country. 我国每四年一次人口普查。
centigrade ['sentigreid] a. 摄氏的
centimetre ['senti,mi:tK] n. 厘米 【例】The boy is 150 centimetres tall. 这个男孩有150厘米高。He is 5 centimetres taller than her. 他比她高5公分。
certainty ['sK:tnti] n. 1.必然的事，确定的事实2.确信，确实 【例】I can't say with any certainty where I shall be next week. 我说不准下星期在什么地方。We have no certainty of success. 我们没有成功的把握。
challenge ['tS<lKndZ] n. 1.艰巨的任务2.怀疑，质问3.挑战，邀请比赛 vt. 1.反对，公然反抗2.向...挑战3.对...质疑，对...怀疑 【同】defy; question; claim 【例】If scientific discovery has not been an unalloyed blessing, if it has conferred on mankind the power not only to create but also to annihilate, it has at the same time provided humanity with a supreme challenge and a supreme testing. 如果科学发现不是纯粹的喜事，如果它赋予了人类不仅是创造还有毁灭的力量，它同时就向人性提出了最大的挑战和最大的考验。This career offers a challenge. 这份职业具有挑战性。They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world. 他们曾向世界上最强的球队挑战并将他们打败。Friends allow us to savor our success and our joys, comfort us in our challenging moments, and provide a mirror for us to learn more about ourselves. 朋友让我们品尝成功和喜悦的滋味，在我们面临挑战时安慰我们，让我们自我反省以更好地认识自己。Many professors encourage students to question and challenge their ideas. 很多教授鼓励学生对自己的观点提问并且提出挑战。
channel ['tS<nl] n. 1.频道2.[常pl.] 渠道，途径3.沟渠4.海峡，水道，航道 【例】Ships must follow the channel into the port. 船只必须沿航道进入港口。
chaos ['keiOs] n. 混乱，紊乱 【同】confusion; disorder; discord 【例】The burglar left the house in chaos. 盗贼走后，屋子里一片混乱。After the failure of the electricity supplies the city was in chaos. 电力供应中断，城市陷于混乱之中。
characteristic [,k<rKktK'ristik] a. 特有的，典型的 n. 特性，特征 【例】Sympathy is the feeling characteristic of mankind. 同情心是人类特有的感情。Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen. 雄心勃勃是所有成功生意人的共同特点。
characterize ['k<rKktKraiz] vt. 1.成为...的特征，以...为特征2.描绘（人或物）的特性，描述 【同】designate; define; describe 【例】The rolling hills characterized this part of England. 丘陵是英格兰这一地区的主要特征。Your work is characterized by lack of attention to details. 你的工作特点是缺乏对细节的注意。He may be characterized as a man of hobbies. 他可以被称作是一个有癖好的人。
charity ['tS<riti] n. 1.救济金，施舍物2.[常pl.] 慈善团体，慈善事业3.宽大，宽容 【同】kindness; tolerance; compassion 【例】A bone to the dog is not charity. Charity is the bone shared with the dog, when you are just as hungry as the dog. 给狗一根骨头算不上仁慈。仁慈是在你跟狗一样饿时与狗分享的骨头。She regards his moral faults with charity. 她宽恕他的品行不端。She was always very generous in her charity. 她行善时总是很慷慨。
chart [tSA:t] n. 1.图，图表2.航图，海图 vt. 用图表表示，在图上表示 【例】Can you read the weather chart? 你能看懂气象图吗？ The pilot charted the plane's course. 飞行员制定了飞机的航线。
charter ['tSA:tK] n. 1.宪章，共同纲领2.特许证，许可证3.(飞机、汽车等的)包租, 包机 vt. 包，租（飞机、汽车等）a. 包租的，租用的 【同】hiring of a bus (or ship) 【例】The company chartered 10 cars for the celebration of it foundation. 这个公司为庆祝其成立，包租了10 辆汽车。The holiday-makers chartered a boat to go fishing. 渡假者租了一艘船去钓鱼。The company was granted a charter trade in the occupied territory. 这家公司被授予特权，可以在被占领地区进行贸易活动。
chemical ['kemikl] a. 化学的n. 化学制品 【例】My major is the subject of chemical engineering. 我的专业是化学工程学。We are doing a chemical experiment. 我们正在做化学实验。
chemist ['kemist] n. 1.化学家2.药剂师，药商 【例】I bought aspirin at the chemist's on the corner. 我在大街拐角的药房买了阿司匹林。The famous chemist won the Nobel Prize. 那个著名的化学家赢得了诺贝尔奖。
cherish ['tSeriS] vt. 1.珍爱，珍视2.爱护，抚育3.抱有，怀有（希望、想法、感情等） 【同】value; esteem; love 【例】People who don’t cherish their elderly have forgotten where they came and where they go. 不敬老的人忘了自己从何处来，也忘了自己到何方去。One of our cherished privileges is the right of free speech. 我们所珍视的权利之一是言论自由。Never cherish a serpent in your bosom. 永远不要施恩于忘恩负义之人。
chestnut ['tSesnVt] n.栗子 【例】These chestnuts are of bright reddish-brown. 这些栗子是鲜亮的红褐色。
chew [tSu:] v. & n. 咀嚼，咬 【例】You must chew your food well before you swallow it. 食物吞下去之前先要细细咀嚼。I'll think about it while I have a chew. 我吃饭时会想想看。
childish ['tSaildiS] a.孩子的；幼稚的 【例】The little girl spoke in a high childish voice. 小女孩说话时声音尖尖的，带着童音。
chill [tSil] vt. 使变冷，使冷冻，使感到冷 1.寒冷，寒气2.风寒，寒战 【例】The night air chilled his bones. 夜间的寒气使他感到冰冷彻骨。The sight sent a chill to her heart. 这情景使她心寒。There was a chill in the air this morning. 今天早上有点冷冰冰的。
chin [tSin] n. 下巴，颏 【例】He was so fat that he had a double chin. 他胖得有双下巴了。
choke [tSKuk] v. 1.（使）窒息，呛2.塞满，塞住 【同】smother; gasp; drown 【例】An old woman was found choked to death. 发现一个老妇人被掐死了。She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。
chorus ['kO:rKs] n. 1.合唱队2.合唱，合唱曲3.副歌，叠句4.齐声，齐声说的话（或发出的喊声）vt. 齐声说，随声附和 【例】The papers all chorused the praises of the President. 各报都异口同声地对总统表示赞扬。
chronic ['krOnik] a. 1.(疾病)慢性的，（人）久病的2.长久的，不断的3.积习难改的 【同】persistent; constant; habitual 【例】The country has a chronic unemployment problem. 这个国家长期存在失业问题。My brother has chronic bronchitis. 我的哥哥患有慢性支气管炎。There is a chronic unemployment problem in America. 在美国存在长期失业问题。
circuit ['sK:kit] n. 1.电路，线路2.环行，环行道 【例】The rocket did one circuit of the earth and returned to base. 火箭绕地球运行一周后返回基地。
circular ['sK:kjulK] a. 1.圆形的，环行的2.循环的，兜圈子的 n. 通知，通告 【例】The full moon has a circular form. 满月呈圆形。Stop giving me circular explanations and tell me what really happened. 别拐弯抹角地解释了，告诉我究竟发生了什么。
circulate ['sK:kjuleit] v. 1.（使）循环，（使）流通2.（使）流传，散布，传播 【例】Blood circulates through the body. 血液在体内循环。The news of her death circulated quickly. 她死去的消息迅速传开。Please open a window to allow the air to circulate. 打开窗子让空气流通。
circumference [sK:'kVmfKrKns] n.圆周，周长，圆周线 【例】The circumference of the earth is almost 25,000 miles. 地球的圆周长约为两万五千英里。
circus ['sK:kKs] n. 1.马戏，马戏团2.喧闹的场面3.环形广场 【例】The children are trying to persuade their mother to allow them to go to the circus. 孩子们试图说服妈妈让他们去看马戏。
cite [sait] vt. 1.引用，引证2.传唤，传讯3.表彰，嘉奖 【同】summon; quote; mention 【例】The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. 魔鬼为了他的目的也会引用圣经。He was cited for contempt of court. 他因蔑视法庭而被传讯。It's no use citing the Bible to somebody who doesn't believe in God. 对不信上帝的人引用圣经的话是没用的。The soldier was cited by the king for his bravery. 这士兵由于英勇而受到国王的褒扬。
civil ['sivKl] a. 1.公民（间）的，国内的2.平民的，文职的，民用的3.民事的，民法的4.文明的，有教养的 【例】Man is a civil creature. 人是社会动物。It was a civil case so there was no question of him being sent to prison. 这是一桩民事案件，因此他没有被送进监狱 的可能。
civilian [si'viliKn] n. 平民，百姓 【例】People are indignant by their shooting of innocent civilians. 对于他们枪杀无辜平民，人们感到义愤填膺。
civilize ['sivilaiz] vt. 使文明，使开化 【例】Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife. 许多粗野的男人在妻子的开导下变得文雅了。
clap [kl<p] vi. 拍手，鼓掌 vt. 拍，击 n. 拍手，鼓掌 【例】He gave me a clap on the back and invited me for a drink. 他在我背上拍了一下，请我去喝酒。She clapped her hands in delight. 她高兴地拍手。
clarity ['kl<rKti] n. 清楚，明晰
clash [kl<S] vi. 1.发生冲突2.不协调3.砰地相撞，发出刺耳的撞击声 n.1.冲突2.不协调3.（金属等的）刺耳撞击声 【同】collision; encounter; impact; conflict 【例】Hate is always a clash between our spirit and someone else’s body. 憎恨一向是我们的精神和别人的肉体的冲突。A border clash between the two armies started the war. 双方军队在边境的冲突引发了战争。The enemy armies clashed near the border. 敌军在边境附近发生冲突。The color of the curtains clashed with the color of the carpet. 窗帘的颜色和地毯的颜色不协调。She clashed the pan down on the stone floor. 她把炒锅当啷一声掉在石头地板上。
classical ['kl<sikl] a. 古典的，经典的 【例】I prefer classical music to pop music. 我喜欢古典音乐，不太喜欢流行音乐。Classical scientific ideas about light were changed by Einstein. 爱因斯坦改变了科学上关于光的传统观念。He is regarded as one of the classical composers in this century. 他被认为是本世纪第一流的作曲家之一。
classification [,kl<sifi'keiSn] n. 1.分类，分级2.类别，级别 【同】arrangement; ordering; order 【例】Which classification does this book belong to? 这本书属于哪个类别？
classify ['kl<sifai] vt. 把...分类，把...分级 【例】The books in the library are classified by subject. 图书馆的书是按科目分类的。Would you classify her novels as serious literature or other? 你认为她的小说属于文学类，还是其它类?
claw [klO:] n. 爪，脚爪 v. （用爪）抓，撕 【例】A hen's claw has three toes. 母鸡的脚爪有三个脚趾。Cats have sharp claws. 猫有锋利的爪子。The editor got his claws into the opposition in a vicious editorial. 那个编辑在一篇社论中恶毒地攻击了反对 派。Anxiety clawed him. 忧虑撕裂他的心。
client ['klaiKnt] n. 委托人，当事人，顾客 【例】If a lawyer has plenty of clients, he grows rich. 律师如果有大量的诉讼委托人，就会财源不断。
cliff [klif] n. 悬崖，峭壁 【例】The man committed suicide by jumping off the cliff. 那人跳下悬崖自杀。
climate ['klaimKt] n. 1.气候，气候区2.风气，气氛 【同】weather; atmosphere 【例】In a happy marriage, it is the wife who provides the climate, the husband the landscape. 在幸福的婚姻中，提供气候的是妻子，而丈夫只是提供风景。Britain has a temperate climate. 英国气候温和。
climax ['klaim<ks] n. 高潮，最令人兴奋（或感兴趣）的部分 【例】The climax of the celebration was a firework display. 庆祝会的高潮是燃放烟火。The music approached a climax. 乐曲接近高潮。
cling ['kliN] 坚持，?墨守;依靠?依恋 (to) 【同】adhere; stick; hold fast【例】The rich who are unhappy are worse off than the poor who are unhappy; for the poor, at least, cling to the hopeful illusion that more money would solve their problems —— but the rich know better. 不幸福的富人比不幸福的贫人更糟，因为穷人至少还紧抱着多些钱就会解决自己的问题这样充满希望的幻想──而富人知道事实并非如此。
clip [klip] n. 1.(弹簧)夹子, 回形针, 别针2.弹夹, 弹仓3.剪, 修剪4.剪报, 电影(或电视)片断 vt. 1.(用夹子、回形针等)夹住, 扣住2.剪, 修剪3.削减, 缩短 【例】The bus driver clipped our tickets to show we had used them. 公共汽车司机在我们的车票上打孔，标明使用过了。We clipped our visit by a week. 我们将访问缩短了一周。She wore a diamond clip on her new dress. 她在新衣服上戴了一枚钻石别针。
clockwise ['klOkwaiz] ad.& a. 顺时针方向地（的）
clue [klu:] n. 线索，提示 【同】sign; proof; evidence 【例】Appearances are not held to be a clue to the truth. 人们并不认为现象是真理的线索。
clumsy ['klVmzi] a. 1.笨拙的，粗陋的2.不得体的，不策略的 【同】inexpert; awkward; unskillful 【例】A clumsy artist is always wearing other’s glasses. 拙劣的艺术家总是戴着别人的眼镜。It's not easy walking in these clumsy shoes. 穿着这双笨重的鞋走路真难受。。
cluster ['klVstK] n. 1.（果实、花等的）串，簇2.（人、物等的）群，组 vi. 群集，丛生 vt. 使群集，集中 【例】You can see stars in clusters in the night sky. 你可以看到夜空中的星群。The men clustered together round the fire and sang songs. 人们聚集在篝火周围唱歌。
coarse [kO:s] a. 1.粗的，粗糙的2.粗劣的3.粗俗的 【同】rough; crude; unrefined 【例】His coarse manners shocked everyone. 他的粗鲁的举止使每个人震惊。
code [kKud] n. 1.准则，法规2.密码，代码 vt. 把...编码 【例】I can break the code of this box. 我能破译这个箱子的密码。The Highway Code has been carried. 公路法规已经被执行。
coherent [kK'hiKrKnt] a. 1.条理清楚的，连贯的2.一致的，协调的 【同】consistent; compatible; cooperative 【例】The sentences in a paragraph should be coherent. 段落中的句子应该具有连贯性。
coil [kOil] n. 1.（一）卷，（一）圈2.线圈 v. 卷，盘绕 【例】He passed me a coil of thread. 他递给我一卷线。She coiled her hair at the back of her head. 她把头发盘在脑后。The snake coiled itself around the tree. 蛇盘绕在树上。
coincide [,kKuin'said] vi. 1.同时发生2.相符，相一致3.位置重合，重叠
coincidence [kKu'insidKns] n. 1.巧合，巧事2.（意见、爱好等的）一致，符合 【同】agreement; incident; chance 【例】We are in coincidence in habits. 我们习惯相同。What a coincidence! 多巧的事啊! By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time. 我们凑巧一同到达这儿。
collaborate [kK'l<bKreit] vi.协作，合作；协调
collective [kK'lektiv] a. 集体的，共同的 n. 团体，集体 【同】massed; cooperative; gathering 【例】Patriotism is a lively sense of collective responsibility. 爱国主义是一种生动的集体责任感。In a system of collective bargaining, the workers as a group negotiate with the managers of the company. 在劳资集体谈判制度下，工人作为一个团体同公司经理进行谈判。
collide [kK'laid] vi. 1.碰撞，互撞2.冲突，抵触
collision [kK'liZn] n. 1.碰撞2.冲突，抵触 【同】impact; conflict; encounter 【例】Football is not a contact sport. It is a collision sport. Dancing is a good example of a contact sport. 足球不是接触运动。它是冲撞运动。跳舞是接触运动的好例子。The liner is reported to have been in collision with an oil tanker. 据报道，这艘客轮与一艘油轮相撞。Five persons died during the collision between two buses. 5个人死于公共汽车相撞。
colonel ['kK:nl] n. 上校 【例】The colonel ordered their soldiers to gather on the deck. 上校命令士兵们在甲板上集合。
colonial [kK'lKuniKl] a. 殖民地的 【例】The new house he bought was colonial architecture. 他新买的房子是美国初期的建筑。
combat ['kOmb<t] n. 战斗，斗争，格斗 vt. 与...斗争，与...战斗 【同】battle; warfare; fight 【例】Virtue is a state of war, and to live in it we have always to combat with ourselves. 美德是一种战争状态。要生活于美德之中就得不断与自我作战。The ship is combating the wind and waves. 那只船正与风浪搏斗。He is an expert in unarmed combat. 他是徒手格斗的能手。
comedy ['kOmKdi] n. 1.喜剧2.喜剧性（事件） 【同】drama; entertainment; sensation 【例】Comedy, we may say, is society protecting itself. 可以说，喜剧是社会在保护自己。He prefers comedies to tragedies. 他比较喜欢喜剧而不太喜欢悲剧。There is not much comedy in modern war. 现代战争并不是好玩的事。
commemorate [kK'memKreit] vt. 纪念，庆祝 【同】honor; celebrate 【例】We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday. 我们必须放假一天以庆祝国庆。Christmas commemorates the birth of Christ. 圣诞节是为了纪念耶酥的诞生。A monument was built to commemorate the victory. 为了纪念胜利，建造了一座纪念碑。
commence [kK'mens] v. 开始 【同】start; originate; begin; enter upon 【例】When a couple of young people strongly devoted to each other, commence to eat onions, it is safe to pronounce them engaged. 当一对相互恋爱的年轻人开始吃洋葱时，说他们订了婚准不会错。The second term commences in March. 第二学期自三月开始。
commend [kK'mend] vt. 1.表扬，称赞2.推荐 【同】praise; entrust; promote; laud 【例】His work was highly commended. 他的工作备受赞赏。Approve not of him who commends all you say. 不要称许对你的话句句赞扬的人。
comment ['kOment] n. 1.评论，意见2.闲话，议论 vt. 评论 【例】He made several favorable comments about their candidate. 他对他们的候选人发表了一些有利的评论。The minister refused to comment on the rumors of his resignation. 部长拒绝就他辞职一事的传闻发表评论。
commercial [kK'mK:Sl] a. 1.商业的，商务的2.商品化的，商业性的 n. 商业广告 【例】New York is a big commercial city. 纽约是一座大的商业城市。
commission [kK'miSn] n. 1.委员会2.佣金，回扣3.授权，委托 vt. 委任，委托 【同】commitment; authorization; duty 【例】Advertising agency, eighty-five percent confusion and fifteen percent commission. 广告代理公司：百分之八十五的糊涂加上百分之十五的佣金。He has secured two commissions to design buildings for a local authority. 他已承包两项为当地政府设计建筑物的业务。
commit [kK'mit] vt. 1.犯（错误、罪行等）干（蠢事、坏事等）2.(oneself)使承担义务，使承诺3.(to)把...托付给，把...置于4.调拨...供使用，拨出 【例】She committed herself to philanthropy. 她专心从事慈善事业。The girl was committed to the care of an aunt. 这女孩被交给姨母照顾。He would not commit himself in any way. 他不愿做出任何承诺。
commonplace ['kOmKnpleis] a. 普通的，平庸的 n. 寻常的事物，平庸的东西 【同】usual; conventional; common 【例】He is not at all exceptional; in fact, he’s really rather commonplace. 他毫不出奇实际上平庸的很。
commonsense ['kOmKn'sens] n.常识
commonwealth ['kOmKnwelT] n. 1.[the C-] 英联邦2.联邦，联合体
communicate [kK'mju:nikeit] vi. 1.交流，交际，通讯2.连接，相通 vt. 1.传达，传播2.传染 【例】He has communicated his wishes to me. 他已经把他的愿望告诉了我。I can't communicate with them; the radio doesn't work. 我无法和他们联系，无线电坏了。The door communicates with my room. 这门和我的房间相通。As soon as a child becomes old enough to communicate with other children, he begins having friends, who sometimes influence him more rapidly than families do.当一个孩子长到足以和其他人交流时，他开始交朋友，这些朋友有时比家庭对他影响更快。
communication [kK,mju:ni'keiSn] n. 1.交流，交际，通讯2.[pl.] 通信（或交通）工具，交通联系 【例】I am in communication with him on this subject. 关于这问题，我正和他交换意见。Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
commute [kK'mju:t] vi. 乘公交车上下班，经常乘车（或船等）往返于两地 vt. 1.减（刑）2.折合，折偿n. 上下班交通
compact ['kOmp<kt] a. 1.紧凑的，小巧2.紧密的，坚实的 vt. 把...压实（或塞紧），使坚实 n. 契约，合同 【同】compressed; impenetrable 【例】Stamp the soil down so that it compacts. 把泥土踩结实。He received a compact package. 他收到一个扎得很紧的包裹。
comparable ['kOmpKrKbl] a. (with, to)1.可比较的，类似的2.比得上的 【同】corresponding; alike; equivalent 【例】The quality of the commodity in this store is comparable to that in the other stores. 这个商店的商品质量可以和其他商店的商品相媲美。A comparable car would cost far more abroad. 类似的车子在国外要贵的多。His handwriting is not bad, but it's hardly comparable with yours. 他的书法不错，但是很难和你的相比。
comparative [kKm'p<rKtiv] a. 比较的，相对的 【例】He majored in comparative literature. 他的专业是比较文学。
compartment [kKm'pA:tmKnt] n. 1.卧车包房（客车车厢内的）隔间2.分隔的空间 【例】The first-class compartments are in the front of the train. 头等车室在列车的前面。This is a case with separate compartments for shoes, jewelry, etc. 这是一个分格存放鞋、珠宝等的箱子。
compatible [kKm'p<tKbl] a. 1.兼容的2.和和睦相处的，合得来的 【同】harmonious; cooperative; harmonious 【例】This printer is compatible with most microcomputers. 这台打印机与大多数微型电子计算机都兼容。
compel [kKm'pel] vt. 强迫，迫使 【同】enforce; constrain; force 【例】The heavy rain compelled us to stay indoors. 大雨迫使我们呆在户内。His cleverness and skill compel our admiration. 他的聪明和技巧使我们赞叹不已。
compensate ['kOmpKnseit] v. 补偿，弥补，抵消 【同】make up; counterbalance; repay; return 【例】True tragedy may be defined as a dramatic work in which the outward failure of the principal personage is compensated for by the dignity and greatness of his character. 真正的悲剧可以这样定义：一部剧作，剧中主人公的表面失败由其人格的高贵伟大予以补偿。Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 什么都不能补偿健康受损。Because of these unique advantages offered by CAI (computer aid Instruction), nothing can compensate for the freedom to be my own master in learning, the pleasure of keeping my knowledge up-to-date, and curiosity about more unknown fields. 由于用CAI 学习有这些独特的优点，所以，没有什么东西可以抵得上做自己学习上的主人的自由、使自己的知识不断更新的乐趣以及对更多未知领域的好奇。
compensation [,kOmpen'seiSn] n. 1.补偿（或赔偿）的款物2.补偿，赔偿 【例】Compensation of injured workers has cost the company a lot. 公司花了一大笔钱赔偿受伤的工人。My job is hard, but it has its compensation. 我的工作虽苦，但也有所补偿。
compete [kKm'pi:t] vi. 竞争，比赛 【例】We have limited funds and several competing claims. 我们的基金有限而争相申请的却有几处。We should compete for our survival.我们应该为生存而竞争。While the small family has a unique advantage, it cannot compete with the large family. 虽然小家庭有独特的优点，但它仍不能和大家庭相提并论。
competent ['kOmpitKnt] a. 有能力的，能胜任的 【同】qualified; adequate; effective 【例】He is not competent to look after young children. 他没有照看小孩的本事。We know you are competent in doing this job. 我们知道你可以胜任这项工作。Is Mary competent as a teacher? 玛丽胜任教师的工作吗？
competitive [kKm'petKtiv] a. 1.竞争的，比赛的2.好竞争的, 求胜心切的3.（价格等）有竞争力的 【同】competing; opposing; rival; aggressive 【例】No longer is our firm competitive in world market. 我们公司在世界市场上已不具有竞争力。Our prices are competitive. 我们的价格是有竞争性的。America is a competitive society. 美国是一个充满竞争的社会。
compile [kKm'pail] vt. 汇编，编制，编纂
complaint [kKm'pleint] n. 1.抱怨，诉苦2.投诉，控告3.疾病 【同】objection; accusation; illness 【例】If you receive a customer complaint letter, give him or her what he or she wants. 如果收到顾客提出意见的信，就要满足顾客的要求。You have no cause for complaint. 你没有理由抱怨。I have a complaint of the chest. 我胸部不适。
complement ['kOmplimKnt] n. 1.补充，互为补充的东西2.编制名额，装备定额3.补（足）语 vt. 补充，与...相配 【同】supplement; addition; counterpart 【例】Guilt always hurries towards its complement, punishment; only there does its satisfaction lie. 罪行总是匆匆赶向它的配对物──惩罚，它只有在那里才能得到满足。This wine complements the food perfectly. 用这种酒配这种菜肴最妙不过了。A wine is a complement to a good meal. 美食加美酒才算完备。
completion [kKm'pli:Sn] n.完成，结束，完满 【例】Completion of the building work is taking longer than expected. 建筑工程的竣工比预计时间要长。The film is on the point of completion. 电影制作即将完成。You may move into the house on completion. 办完手续后，你就可以搬进去。
complicated ['kOmplikeitid] a. 复杂的，难懂的 【同】complex; confused; sophisticated 【例】I never blame failures —— there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort. 我从不责备失败──生活中复杂的情况实大太多；但是对于不肯努力，我绝对不讲情面。
complication [,kOmpli'keiSn] n. 1.（新出现的）困难，难题2.并发症 【例】I have enough complication in my life. 我生活里的麻烦已经够多了。A further complication was his refusal to travel by air. 更麻烦的是他不肯坐飞机旅行。Complications set in, and the patient died. 病人因出现并发症而死亡。
compliment ['kOmplimKnt] n. 1.赞美（话），恭维（话）2.[pl.] 致意，问候 vt. 赞美，恭维 【同】tribute; approval; flattery 【例】Whenever a man’s friends begin to compliment him about looking young, he may be sure that they think he is growing old. 当一个人的朋友都恭维他看上去还年轻时，那么这个人就可肯定自己已经变老了。Your presence is a great compliment. 承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。He complimented us with tickets for the football game. 他送给我们足球赛的门票。He complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it. 他连看都没看一眼，就称颂她的新衣服。She smiled when he paid her a compliment. 他恭维她时，她笑了笑。Things in classroom always go like this: teachers ask students to give their own different answers to the questions, but when students do speak up, they seldom get compliments for unique answers. 教室里的情形通常是这样的：老师要求学生用自己的观点回答问题。而当学生这样做的时候，老师却很少对独特的答案予以表扬。
comply [kKm'plai] vi. (with)遵从，依从，服从 【同】conform; agree; obey 【例】He that complies against his will is of his own opinion still. 违心服从的人仍然保留着自己的看法。Everyone should comply with the law. 每个人都应该遵守法律。
compose [kKm'pKuz] vt. 1.组成，构成2.创作（乐曲、诗歌等），为...谱曲3.使平静，使镇静 【例】He was composing at the piano at the age of seven. 他7岁时就会用钢琴作曲。Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。
comprehend [,kOmpri'hend] v. 理解，领会 【例】If you can use a word correctly and effectively you comprehend it. 你如果可以正确有效地使用一个词，你就是了解它了。
comprehension [,kOmpri'henSn] n. 1.理解（力）2.理解力测验
comprehensive [,kOmpri'hensiv] a. 广泛的，综合的 【例】She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她已全面掌握了这一学科。The reporter has made a comprehensive report. 记者已做了全面的报道。
compress ['kOmpres] vt. 压紧，压缩 【同】condense; concentrate; reduce 【例】To write or to speak is almost inevitably to lie a little. It is an attempt to clothe an intangible form; to compress an immeasurable into a mold. 无论作文还是说话，都几乎难免搀点儿假。那是试图以有形的形式表达无形的东西，试图将无限的东西压缩在一个模子里。The film compresses several years into half an hour. 这部电影将几年的事压缩于半小时内。
comprise [kKm'praiz] vt. 1.包含，包括，由...组成2.构成，组成 【例】A cricket team is comprised of eleven players. 一个板球队由11名队员组成。This month's figures are comprised in the total. 这个月的数字已包含在总数之内。
compromise ['kOmprKmaiz] n. 妥协，折中办法 vi. 妥协 vt. 危及，放弃（原则、理想等） 【同】concession; reconciliation 【例】All life is essentially the contributions that come from compromise. 整个人生基本上是妥协的结果。Progress has been made towards a political compromise between the two nations. 两国之间的政治和解已经取得进展。They refused to compromise their principles by doing a deal with the terrorists. 他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则受到损害。
compulsory [kKm'pVlsKri] a. 必须做的，强制性的，（课程）必修的 【同】obligatory; required; necessary 【例】Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind. 强制的身体锻炼不会损害身体，但被迫学习的知识占据不了头脑。Is military service compulsory in your country? 你们国家实行义务兵役制吗？ Is English a compulsory subject? 英语是必修科目吗？
compute [kKm'pju:t] v. 计算，估算 【例】Scientists have computed the probable course of the rocket. 科学家利用计算机计算了火箭可能运行的轨道。He computed his losses at USD5,000. 他估计自己损失5000美元。
conceal [kKn'si:l] vt. 隐藏，掩盖，隐瞒 【同】cover; hide; screen 【例】Adversity reveals genius; fortune conceals it. 厄运显现才华，好运掩盖天资。It is wrong for a man to conceal things from his wife. 一个男人对妻子隐瞒事情是不对的。He concealed himself behind the tree. 他藏在树后。
conceive [kKn'si:v] vt. 1.（构）想出，认为2.怀（胎）vi. 1.(of)构想出，设想2.怀孕 【同】imagine; believe; visualize; envision 【例】As long as I can conceive something better than myself I cannot be easy unless I am striving to bring it into existence or clearing the way for it. 只要能想象出比我好的东西，我就安不下心来，除非我在努力使用权之成为现实，或者为之铺平道路。I can't conceive of your allowing the child to travel alone. 我想不通你怎么会让孩子独自去旅行。
concentrate ['kOnsKntreit] vi. 1.全神贯注，全力以赴2.集中，聚集 vt. 1.集中，聚集2.浓缩 n. 浓缩物，浓缩液 【例】I can't concentrate on my work when I'm tired. 我累了就无法集中精力工作。The crowds concentrated round the palace. 人群汇集在宫殿的四周。
concerning [kKn'sK:niN] prep. 关于
concession [kKn'seSn] n. 1.让步，妥协2.特许，特许权3.承认，认可 【同】granting; giving in; yielding 【例】The concessions of the weak are the concessions of fear. 弱者的让步是恐惧的让步。We will make some concession in price. 我们将在价格上做些让步。
concise [kKn'sais] a. 简明的，简要的 【同】brief; condensed; short 【例】The Concise Oxford Dictionary (COD) is a good assistant to English learners. 对英语学习者来说，《牛津英汉简明词典》是个好帮手。
concrete ['kONkri:t] a. 实在的，具体的 n. 混凝土 【同】particular; definite; detailed 【例】This post is made of concrete. 这根柱子是混凝土做的。Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty? 处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？
condemn [kKn'dem] vt. 1.谴责2.判...刑，宣告...有罪 【同】blame; criticize; accuse 【例】I wonder how anyone can have the face to condemn others when he reflects upon his own thought. 奇怪，有人既然反省了自己的思想，怎么还能有脸去指责别人。We condemned him for his bad conduct. 我们责备他行为不检点。The criminal was condemned to death. 这个罪犯被判死刑。The captured ship and her cargo were condemned. 这艘被俘获的船及其货物均被没收。
condense [kKn'dens] 1.（使）冷凝，（使）凝结2.浓缩，压缩，简缩 【同】compress; contract; abridge 【例】Steam condenses into water when cooling down. 蒸汽冷却时凝结成水。
conditional [kKn'diSKnl] a. 有条件的,假定的 【同】subject to; tentative 【例】The operation is conditional to the formulation. 运算应符合公式。
conductivity [,kOndVk'tiviti] n. 导电率,传导率,传导度
conductor [kKn'dVktK] n. 1.（乐队）指挥2.（公共汽车等的）售票员，列车长3.导体 【例】She is a bus conductor. 她是一名公共汽车售票员。
confer [kKn'fK:] vi. 商谈，商议 vt. (on)授予，赋予 【同】award; present; discuss; converse 【例】The Queen conferred knighthood on several distinguished men. 女王将爵士头衔授予几位杰出人才。The Queen conferred knighthood on several distinguished men. 女王将爵士头衔授予几位杰出人士。
conference ['kOnfKrKns] n. 1.（正式）会议2.讨论，商谈 【例】He is in conference and cannot come to the telephone. 他在开会，没空来接电话。You will see him at the press conference. 你会在记者招待会上见到他的。
confess [kKn'fes] v. 1.坦白，供认2.承认 【同】assert; utter; acknowledge 【例】I am not ashamed to confess that I am ignorant of what I do not know. 我不耻于承认对自己不懂的事情的无知。He
confident ['kOnfidKnt] a. 1.确信的，肯定的2.有信心的，自信的 【例】He felt at ease and confident about the future. 他对未来感到轻松自在并且充满信心。We are confident of victory. 我们确信能胜利。
confidential [,kOnfi'denSl] a. 1.秘密的，机密的2.表示信任（或亲密的）3.担任机密工作的 【同】intimate; private; secret 【例】He was an author whose works were so little known as to be almost confidential. 他是一位作家，其作品是如些鲜为人知，以至几乎成为机密。Don't be too confidential with strangers. 不要过分相信陌生人。He told me the confidential information. 他向我透露了这个秘密的信息。
confine [kKn'fain] vt. 1.限制，使局限2.使不外出，禁闭 n.[pl.] 界限，范围 【同】imprison; restrain; enslave 【例】The world owes all its onward impulses to men ill at ease. The happy man inevitably confines himself within ancient limits. 世界前进的全部动力都归功于对现状不满的人。感到愉快的人必在把自己限在旧框框之内。I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. 我希望演说者不要离题。The thief was confined in a prison. 窃贼被关押在监狱里。
confirm [kKn'fK:m] vt. 1.证实，肯定2.进一步确定，确认3.批准 【例】The news confirmed my resolution. 这消息加强了我的决心。He looked around to confirm that he was alone. 他四处张望，要确定周围没人。
conflict ['kOnflikt] n. 1.冲突，抵触，争论2.战斗，战争 vi. 冲突，抵触 【同】clash; opposition; contrast 【例】A marriage without conflicts is almost as inconceivable as a nation without crisis. 没有冲突的婚姻几乎同没有危机的国家一样难以想象。The long drawn-out conflict between the employers and workers led to the strike last week. 劳资之间旷日持久的纠纷导致了上周的罢工。
conform [kKn'fO:m] vi. (to, with)1.遵守，适应，顺从2.相似，一致，符合 【同】comply; accord; submit 【例】A society can’t exist only by moral thoughts, it needs also deeds which conform to this moral thoughts. 社会仅凭道观无法存在。它还需要与之相应的行动。She refused to conform to the normal social conventions. 她拒绝遵从正常的社会习俗。The building does not conform to safety regulations. 这座建筑物不符合安全条例。
confront [kKn'frVnt] vt. 1.迎面遇到，遭遇2.勇敢地面对，正视3.使对质，使当面对证 【同】meet; oppose; counter 【例】He who confronts the paradoxical exposes himself to reality. 面对自相矛盾之事的人使自己接触到现实。They confronted the prisoner with his accusers. 他们让犯人与原告对质。Confronted by an angry crowd the police retreated. 警察面对愤怒的人群只好后撤了。A soldier often has to confront danger. 士兵常常要身临险境。
confuse [kKn'fju:z] vt. 1.使困惑，把...弄糊涂2.混淆，把...混同3.混乱，搞乱 【例】They asked so many questions that they confused me. 他们问了许许多多问题，把我弄糊涂了。Please don't confuse Australia with Austria. 别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。
congratulate [kKn'gr<tSuleit] vt. (on, upon)祝贺，向...道喜 n. 1.[pl.] 贺词2.祝贺，恭喜 【例】I congratulated myself on my narrow escape. 我庆祝自己死里逃生。
congratulation [kKn,gr<tSu'leiSn] n. 1.[pl.] 贺词；2.祝贺，恭喜
conjunction [kKn'dZVNkSn] n. 1.接合，连接，联合2.连（接）词 【例】The conjunction of workmanship and artistry in making jewelry decides the value of the jewelry. 在珠宝饰物的制造中，手工与艺术的结合决定了珠宝的价值。
connection [kK'nekSn] （connexion）n. 1.联系，（因果）关系2.连接（部分），衔接3.[pl.] 熟人，关系（户） 【例】What is the connection between the two ideas? 这两个概念之间有何联系？
conquest ['kONkwest] n. 攻取，征服，克服 【例】They succeeded in the conquest of the city. 他们成功地征服了这座城市。
conscience ['kOnSKns] n. 良心 【同】moral; morals; shame 【例】A brave man risks his life, but not his conscience. 勇敢的人用生命冒险，但不以良心冒险。She gave him back the money she'd stolen for the sake of her conscience. 为了不受良心的谴责，她把从他那偷来的钱还给他了。
conscientious [,kOnSi'enSKs] a. 认真的，勤勤恳恳的 【例】She is a conscientious teacher. 她是一个有责任心的教师。We should be conscientious to our work. 我们应该对工作负责。
conscious ['kOnSKs] a. 1.意识到的，自觉的2.神志清醒的3.有意的，存心的 【例】He was very conscious of his shortcomings. 他对自己的缺点十分清楚。He was badly hurt, but he still remained conscious. 他伤得很重，但仍未失去知觉。
consciousness ['kOnSKsnKs] n.意识，觉悟；知觉 【例】When will the patient regain his consciousness? 这个病人什么时候恢复知觉？This experience helped to change her social consciousness. 这次经验有助于帮助她改变社会意识。They often complain that the development of cities will gradually deprive the dwellers of the closeness to nature, of the freedom on land, and even of the consciousness of seasons. 他们常抱怨道：城市的发展将使人们逐渐失去与大自然的近距离接触，失去在大堤上活动的自由，甚至失去对季节的感觉。
consensus [kKn'sensKs] n. （意见等）一致，一致同意 【同】agreement; unanimity; accord 【例】For a non-profit-seeking organization, success often lies in consensus. 对于非盈利企业，成功往往取决于一致意见。
conservation [,kOnsK'veiSn] n. 保存，（对自然资源的）保护，避免浪费 【同】inaction; stability; protection 【例】A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation. 不具备某种变革手段的国家也不具备保存自己的手段。Most people have come to accept the need for conservation of natural resources. 现在大多数人已认识到保护自然资源的必要。Who discovered the conservation of energy? 谁发现了能量守恒？
conservative [kKn'sK:vKtiv] a. 1.保守的，守旧的2.（式样等）不时新的，传统的n. 保守的人 【例】He was very conservative in the estimate. 他的这一估计很保守。
considerable [kKn'sidKrKbl] a. 相当大（或多）的 【例】The mayor is a considerable official. 市长是一位重要的官员。He bought the house at considerable expense. 他花了很多钱买了这所房子。
considerate [kKn'sidKrKt] a. 体贴的，体谅的 【同】sympathetic; thoughtful 【例】A child that lives with sharing learns to be considerate. 同意分享的孩子知道为人着想。
consideration [kKn,sidK'reiSn] n. 1.考虑，要考虑的事2.体贴，关心
consistent [kKn'sistKnt] a. 1.坚持的，一贯的2.一致的，符合的 【同】compatible; rational; matching 【例】Consistency is contrary to nature, contrary to life. The only completely consistent people are the dead. 一成不变违反自然，违反生命。能够做到始终完全如一的只有死人。What you're saying now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与上星期你说的不相符。I left as early as it was consistent with politeness. 我在不失礼的情况下提前离去了。The last five years have seen a consistent improvement in the country's economy. 在最近的五年里，这个国家的经济状况一直 在好转。
consolidate [kKn'sOlideit] v. 1.巩固，加强2.(把...)联为一体，合并 【同】unite; compress; pack; fuse 【例】All the debts have been consolidated. 所有债务均已合并。He bribes his leader to consolidate his position. 他贿赂他的领导来巩固他的地位。The two companies consolidated last year. 这两个公司去年合并了。
conspicuous [kKn'spikjuKs] a. 显眼的，明显的 【同】outstanding; eminent; striking 【例】If you’re walking along a badly-lit road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. 晚上在照明很差的路上，应该穿显眼的衣服。A traffic sign should be conspicuous. 交通标志应该明显。Lincoln is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded. 林肯是一个穷苦孩子而功成名就的出色例子。
constituent [kKn'stitjuKnt] n. 1.选民，选区居民2.成分，组分a. 组成的，构成的 【例】Analyze the sentence into its constituent parts. 把这条句子的各个成份加以分析。Do you know the constituents of the mixture? 你知道这种混合物的成份吗？
constitute ['kOnstitju:t] vt. 1.组成，构成，形成2.设立，建立，任命 【例】Twelve months constitute one year. 十二个月构成一年。Laws are constituted to protect individual rights and properties. 法律是为保卫人民的权利和财产而制定的。
constitution [,kOnsti'tju:Sn] n. 1.宪法，章程2.体质，素质3.组成，设立 【同】basic laws; physical conditions 【例】Why is woman persistently regarded as a mystery? It is not that she has labored to conceal the organic and psychological facts of her constitution, but that men have showed no interest in exploring them. 为什么女人总是被视为神秘的事物？原因并不是她的事实，而是男人从来就没对探索这些事实表现过兴趣。The constitution of a primitive society is not necessarily simple. 原始社会的结构并不一定就是简单的。He has a good constitution. 他体质很好。
construct [kKn'strVkt] vt.建造；建设；构筑 【例】This factory was constructed by our company. 这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。
consultant [kKn'sVltKnt] n. 1.顾问2.会诊医师，专科医生
consumption [kKn'sVmpSn] n. 1.消耗量，消费量2.消耗，消费，挥霍 【例】Consumption of cotton increased even after it rose in price. 棉花的价格虽然提高了，但消耗依然增加。There's too great a consumption of alcohol in China. 在中国酒的消耗量太大了。
contact ['kOnt<kt] n. 1.接触，联系，交往2.熟人，社会关系3.（电路的）触点，接头 vt. 与...取得联系，与...接触 【例】For further information, contact your local agent. 要进一步了解情况，请与本地代理商联系。Have the children been in contact with disease? 孩子们同这种疾病有过接触吗？ We made contact with the ship by radio. 我们通过无线电同那只船保持联系。I've got a useful contact in the post office. 我在邮局有熟人。
contaminate [kOn't<mineit] v. 污染【同】pollute; dirty; infect; foul【例】The river was contaminated with waste. 这河水被垃圾污染了。Don't be contaminated by bureaucratism.不要沾染官僚主义作风。
contempt [kKn'tempt] n. 轻视，轻蔑 【同】scorn; hatred; malice 【例】I feel nothing but contempt for people who treat children so cruelly. 我鄙视如此虐待孩子的人。
contend [kKn'tend] vi. 1.争夺，竞争2.搏斗，争斗 vt. 声称，主张 【同】contest; fight; struggle 【例】Several teams are contending for the price. 有几个队在争夺锦标。
context ['kOntekst] n. 1.背景, 环境2.上下文, 语境
continual [kKn'tinjuKl] a. 1.不间断的, 不停的2.多次重复的, 频频的 【例】Are you tired of this continual rain? 你对于这不停的雨不感到厌烦吗？
continuous [kKn'tinjuKs] a. 连续不断的, 不断延伸的 【例】The brain needs a continuous supply of blood. 大脑需要不断地供血。
contract ['kOntr<kt] n. 合同, 契约 v. 1.缩小, 收缩2.订合同, 订契约 vt. 1.感染(疾病), 染上(恶习)2.订(约) 【例】Marriage is, first of all, a contract which must be governed by justice. 婚姻首先是一种契约，它必须以公正为制约。The city contracted for a library with their firm. 市政当局和他们公司订立了修建图书馆的合同。
contradict [,kOntrK'dikt] vt. 1.反驳, 否认...的真实性2.与...发生矛盾, 与...抵触 【同】oppose; confront; disagree 【例】Assertion is not argument, to contradict the statement of an opponent is not proof that you are innocent. 坚持已见不是论据，反驳对方的说法也不能证明你就是正确的。Don't contradict your father. 别和你父亲犟嘴。The report contradicts what we heard yesterday. 这个报道与我们昨天听到的有矛盾。
contrary ['kOntrKri] a. (to)相反的, 对抗的 n. [the~] 相反, 相反事物 【例】My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own. 在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。The players on the contrary side now took their places. 双方运动员开始各就各位。
contribute [kKn'tribju:t] vi. 1.捐款, 作出贡献2.(to)有助于, 促成3.投稿 vt. 捐, 捐献 【例】Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross. 每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。She asked him to contribute a biweekly article on European affairs. 她约他每两周写一篇有关欧洲情况的文稿。Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. 诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
contribution [,kOntri'bju:Sn] n. 1.贡献, 促成作用2.捐款, 捐献物3.(投给报刊等的)稿件 【同】gift; grant; donation 【例】The editor is short of contribution for the May issue. 编辑缺少五月号的稿件。He has made an important contribution to the company's success. 他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。All contribution, however small, will be greatly appreciated. 所有捐款，无论数目多么少，我们都深表感谢。If they continue to work in a way their health permits, old people can still make a great contribution to the society. 如果他们继续以他们的健康允许的方式工作，老人仍然能够为社会作很大的贡献。
contrive [kKn'traiv] vt. 1.谋划, 策划2.设法做到3.设计, 想出 【同】devise; invent; create; concoct 【例】Their sudden outburst was obviously genuine; it couldn’t have been contrived. 他们突如其来的发作显然是真的，这是装不出来的。The prisoner contrived a way to escape. 囚犯图谋越狱。Can you contrive to be here early? 你能不能设法早到点？
controversial [,kOntrK'vK:Sl] a. 引起争论的, 有争议的 【例】Many of the new taxes are controversial. 许多新税收都是有争议的。
convenience [kKn'vi:niKns] n. 1.方便, 合宜2.便利设施, 方便的用具 【例】It's a great convenience to live in town. 住在城市里有很大的方便。We find our folding table a great convenience. 我们发现可折叠的桌子使用非常方便。On the contrary, some people are attracted by the convenience of the city. 相反，一些人被城市的便利所吸引。Those who welcome the Internet hold that it brings us great convenience and efficiency. 赞成互联网的人认为它给我们带来了极大的方便和提高了效率。With respect to convenience, it is difficult to say which one is better. 就方便来说，很难说哪个更好。Cities provide convenience and civilized lifestyle, but they also bring about a series of problems, such as pollution, traffic jam, and crime, etc. 城市给人们带来了便利和文明的生活方式，同时也带来了一系列问题，如污染、交通阻塞和犯罪等。
convention [kKn'venSn] n. 1.习俗, 惯例2.公约, 协议3.(正式)会议, (定期)大会
conventional [kKn'venSKnl] a. 1.普通的, 习惯的, 常规的2.符合习俗的, 因循守旧的 【同】established; prevailing; prejudiced 【例】She is so conventional in her views. 她的观点太保守。He often speaks a few conventional remarks. 他总是喜欢说老生常谈的那几句话。
conversely [kKn'vK:sli] ad. 相反(地) 【同】reversed; on the contrary 【例】Young people everywhere share a kind of experience that none of the elders ever have had or will have. Conversely, the older generation will never see repeated in the lives of young people their own unprecedented experiences of sequentially emerging change. 不同地方的年轻人共同拥有一种经历， 这种经历是年长者不曾经历过的，而且他们以后也不会经历。反之，老一代人也永远不会看到年轻人的生活中会重复他们自己独特的按顺序出现的变化。
conversion [kKn'vK:Sn] n. 1.转变, 变换2.改变信仰, 皈依 【例】Conversion to gas central heating will save you a lot of money. 改用煤气集中供暖将节省大笔开支。When he saw how the theory increased unemployment, he underwent quite a conversion. 当他看到这个理论加重了失业后，他彻底改变了看法。
convert ['kOnvK:t] v. 1.(使)转变, (使)转化2.(使)改变信仰(或态度等) 【例】Coal can be converted to gas. 煤可以转化成煤气。My mother has converted to Catholicism. 我母亲已转而信仰天主教。
convey [kKn'vei] vt. 1.表达, 传达, 传递2.运送, 输送
convict ['kOnvikt] vt. (经审讯)证明...有罪, 宣判...有罪 n. 囚犯 【例】The criminal was convicted of murder. 歹徒被判谋杀罪。The escaped convict has been caught by the police again. 越狱的逃犯已经再次被警方抓获。
conviction [kKn'vikSn] n. 1.确信, 坚定的信仰2.说服, 信服3.定罪, 判罪 【同】belief; faith; confidence 【例】Rich men without convictions are more dangerous in modern society than poor woman without chastity. 在现代社会里，没有坚定信仰的富人比没有贞操的穷女人更危险。I speak in the full conviction that I will win. 我深信我会赢。I have the conviction that he is right. 我深信他是对的。They have no previous convictions. 他们没有前科。
convince [kKn'vins] vt. 使确信, 使信服, 说服 【例】He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。
cooperate [kKu'OpKreit] vi. 合作, 协作, 配合 【例】We want to cooperate with you greatly. 我们非常愿意与你们合作。
coordinate [,kKu'O:dKnKt] vt. 调节, 协调 n. 座标a. 同等的, 并列的 【同】coequal; equal; like 【例】We must coordinate our efforts to help the flood victims. 我们应该同心协力援助遭水灾的灾民。This is a coordinate clause. 这是一个并列子句。
cope [kKup] vi. (with)(成功的)应付, (妥善地)处理 【例】No one can cope with him in Chemistry. 在化学方面，谁也比不上他。I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job. 既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。
cord [kO:d] n. 1.(细)绳2.[pl.] 灯心绒裤 【例】He tied the package with a cord. 他用绳子把包裹扎紧。
cordial ['kO:diKl] a. 热情友好的, 热诚的 【同】friendly; genial; amiable; sincere 【例】The hostess wore a cordial smile on her face. 女主人的笑十分热情。His friends gave him a cordial welcome. 他的朋友对他表示热诚的欢迎。
core [kO:] n. 1.果心2.核心, 要点 【例】He ate the plum, and threw the core away. 他吃掉了李子，并扔掉了果核。The core of our appeal is freedom of speech. 我们的要求的核心是言论自由。He is American to the core. 他是个地地道道的美国人。
correspond [,kOri'spOnd] vi. 1.(with)相符合, 成一致2.(to)相当, 相类似3.通信 【同】match; parallel; conform 【例】Two illusions fostered by higher education are that what is taught corresponds to what is learned, and that it will somehow pay off in money. 高等教育造成了两种错觉，一是教的东西就等于学到的东西，二是它总会通过某种方式以金钱回报。
correspondence [,kOri'spOndKns] n. 1.信件, 函件2.通信, 通信联系3.符合, 一致, 相似
correspondent [,kOri'spOndKnt] n. 通讯员.记者 【例】They are our Hong Kong correspondents. 他们是我们派驻香港的通讯员。He is a poor correspondent. 他是个懒于写信的人。
corresponding [,kOri'spOndiN] a. 1.相应的, 相当的2.符合的, 一致的
corrode [kK'rKud] vi. 受腐蚀 vt. 腐蚀, 侵蚀 【同】rot; destroy; decay 【例】The metal has corroded because of rust. 该金属已锈蚀。This acid may corrode iron. 这种酸能腐蚀铁。Iron corrodes easily. 铁易锈损。
corrupt [kK'rVpt] a. 堕落的, 腐败的, 贪赃舞弊的 vt. 腐蚀, 使堕落 【同】degraded; decreased; weakened 【例】Heaven is above all yet there sits a judge that no king can corrupts. 苍天高于所有的人：那里坐着一位法官，任何国王都无法贿赂。
cosmic ['kOzmik] a. 1.宇宙的, 外层空间的2.无比巨大的, 无穷尽的 【同】vast; universal 【例】Physics is governed by cosmic laws. 物理学受宇宙法则的制约。
couch [kautS] n. 1.长沙发2.(病人受检查时躺的)长榻 vt. 表达 【例】His black leather couch looks expensive. 他的黑色皮沙发看上去很昂贵。
counsel ['kaunsl] n. 1.律师, 法律顾问2.忠告, 劝告 vt. 劝告, 提议 【同】advise; caution; recommendation 【例】I have but one counsel for you —— be your own master. 我对你只有一个忠告：做自己的主人。Each side of a case in court has its own counsel. 法庭上原告和被告双方都有各自的律师。
counter ['kauntK] n. 1.柜台, 柜台式长桌2.筹码3.计数器 vt. 对抗, 反驳 ad. 反方向地, 对立地 【同】board; shelf; table 【例】The vanity of others runs counter to our taste only when it runs counter to our vanity. 别人的虚荣与我们的趣味相悖，只是在它与我们的虚心相悖之时。There was an enormous cat crouching on the counter. 柜台上蜷伏着一只硕大的猫。
counterpart ['kauntKpA:t] n. 与对方地位相当的人, 与另一方作用相当的物 【同】person or thing corresponding to 【例】The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm. 销售部经理给另一家的销售部经理打电话。
courtesy ['kK:tKsi] n. 1.谦恭有礼2.有礼貌的举止(或言词) 【同】civility; friendliness 【例】There can be no defense like elaborate courtesy. 没有什么防御比得上周详的礼节。They showed us every courtesy. 他们对我们彬彬有礼。There is always enough time for courtesy. 现在不必在这里说客气话。
crab [kr<b] n. 蟹
cradle ['kreidl] n. 1.摇篮2.策源地, 发源地 vt. 轻轻地抱, 捧 【例】The sea is thought to have been the cradle of life. 人们认为海洋曾经是生命的发源地。
craft [krA:ft] vt. 1.工艺, 手艺2.船, 航空器, 航天器3. 手腕,狡猾,奸计 【例】He graduated from a school of crafts and arts. 他毕业于一所工艺美术学校。By crafts the gambler tricked them out of all their money. 那个赌徒用诡计赢去了他们所有的钱。
crane [krein] n. 1.起重机2.鹤 vt. 伸长(脖子等) 【例】We used a crane to lift the huge box into the backyard. 我们使用起重机将这个大箱子搬进了后院。Jane craned her neck to look for her mother in the crowd. 简伸长脖子张望，在人群中找她的母亲。
crash [kr<S] vi. 1.碰撞, 倒下, 坠落2.发出撞击(或爆裂)声3.垮台, 破产 vt. 1.撞击, 砸碎2.冲, 闯 n. 1.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁2.破裂声, 哗啦声 【例】The plane crashed, killing all its passengers and crew. 飞机失事了，所有乘客和机组人员都遇难了。
crawl [krO:l] vi./n. 1.爬行, 匍匐行进2.缓慢(或费力)地行进 【例】The heavy traffic crawled through the narrow tunnel. 拥挤的车辆慢吞吞地穿过狭窄的隧道。
cricket ['krikit] n. 1.蟋蟀2.板球运动
cripple ['kripl] n. 跛子, 伤残人(或动物) vt. 1.使跛, 使受伤致残2.严重削弱, 使陷于瘫痪 【同】lame person; the disabled 【例】Ill news has wings, and with the wind does go. Comfort’s a cripple and comes very slow. 坏消息长着翅膀，乘风而行；安慰则是跛子，总是蹒跚来迟。
crisis ['kraisis] n. 1.危机, 危急关头2.决定性时刻, 关键阶段 【同】urgency; embarrassment 【例】True love is born of despair and nurtured by one crisis after another. 真正的爱出自绝望，由不断的危险机滋养。In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn to. 危难时好在有朋友可以投奔。Her fever passed its crisis. 她发烧已经过了危险期。Relation between the two countries has reached a crisis point. 两国关系已达到出现危机的地步。
crisp [krisp] a. 1.脆的, (果蔬等)鲜脆的2.挺括的3.(天气)清新的, 干冷的4.简明扼要的, (干净)利落的 n. [pl.] 油炸土豆片 【同】brittle; breakable; fragile 【例】The snow was crisp under foot. 雪踩上去是脆的。I like the delicious salad of crisp lettuce and tomatoes. 我喜欢这种脆莴苣和番茄做的沙拉，很好吃。
criterion [krai'tiKriKn] (pl. criteria [krai'tiKriK]) n. (批评、判断等的)标准, 准则 【同】basis; standard; measure 【例】Success in making money is not always a good criterion for success in life. 能挣钱并不是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。
critical ['kritikl] a. 1.决定性的, 关键性的, 危急的2.批评的, 批判的 【同】observant; faultfinding; crucial 【例】If we cannot love unconditionally, love is already in a critical condition. 如果不能无条件地爱，爱情就已经处于危机之中。The inquiry was critical of her work. 该项调查对她的工作提出了批评。In the current critical climate her work is not popular. 在当前评论风气影响下，她的作品不怎么受欢迎。Why are you always so critical? 你怎么总是这样吹毛求疵？
crucial ['kru:Sl] a. 至关重要的, 决定性的 【同】indispensable; vital; necessary 【例】We have entered a crucial era. 我们已经步入了关键性的年代。
crude [kru:d] a. 1.粗鲁的, 粗俗的2.天然的, 未加工的3.简陋的, 粗糙的 【例】It was crude of him to say that. 他那样说太粗鲁了。
crust [krVst] n. 1.(一片)面包皮, 硬外皮2.外壳, 地壳 【例】The crust on the snow was thick enough for us to walk on it. 外层的雪已经冻硬，可以在上面行走。
crystal ['kristl] n. 1.水晶, 石英晶体2.结晶, 结晶体 a. 清澈透明的, 水晶(制)的 【同】clear; transparent 【例】A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanging, it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and time in which it is used. 词不是透明且无变化的水晶；它是活生生的思想的皮肤，色彩与内涵可以随使用的环境和时间而大幅度变换。This set of crystal wine cups is very expensive. 这套水晶玻璃酒杯非常昂贵。
cucumber ['kju:kKmbK] n. 黄瓜 【例】Have some cucumber. 吃点黄瓜吧。I like to eat cucumber sandwiches. 我喜欢吃有黄瓜的三明治。
cue [kju:] n. 1.暗示, 信号2.提示 vt. 提示, 暗示 【同】signal; hint; suggestion; indication 【例】You can finish the assignment in the light of the cues given. 你可以根据所给的提示完成作业。
cultivate ['kVltiveit] vt. 1.耕作, 载培, 养殖2.培养, 陶冶, 发展 【同】plant; encourage; educate 【例】To cultivate oneself in disposition is not for the others, but for strengthening his own capacity in life. 修养性情不是为了他人，而是为了加强自己的生活能力。To dispel loneliness and kill the time, they can cultivate some other hobbies such as growing flowers, collecting stamps and learning to paint. 为乐趣感孤独和消磨时光，他们可以培养其他的爱好，比如养花、集邮和学习绘画。It seems that the aim of school education is to achieve the tameness of students for society rather than the unique minds for the individuals. 学校教育似乎是为了给社会培养驯服的学生，而不是培养有独立思考的个体。
cunning ['kVniN] n. 狡猾(的), 诡诈(的) 【同】tricky; skillful; dishonest 【例】Nothing does more hurt in a state than that cunning men pass for wise. 为害国家者，莫过于奸诈之徒被当成贤明之士。He is as cunning as a fox. 他象狐狸一样狡猾。She showed her cunning in the way she avoided answering the question. 她对问题避而不答，显示出她很狡猾。
curiosity [,kjuKri'Ositi] n. 1.好奇(心)2.奇物, 奇事, 古玩 【例】Curiosity is part of the children's nature. 好奇是儿童的天性。I had to explain the reasons to satisfy his curiosity. 我只好解释原因来满足他的好奇心。As we know, out textbooks remain unchanged for ages while the up-to-date software on various subjects is easily available anywhere, say, on the Internet, thus stirring up my curiosity about more knowledge. 众所周知，我们的教材是多年不变，而各学科的新软件任何地方都唾手可得，例如从因特网下载。这样一来就可以激起我对更多知识的好奇心。
currency ['kVrKnsi] n. 1.通货, 货币2.通行, 流行 【例】Government has decreed a paper currency. 政府颁布了发行一种纸币的法令。Most countries have a decimal currency. 大多数国家使用十进制货币。The word has attained general currency. 这个词已经通用起来了。
curriculum [kK'rikjulKm] （pl. curricula [kK'rikjulK]）n. 课程, (学校等的)全部课程
cushion ['kuSKn] n. 垫子, 坐垫 【例】He lay on the floor with a cushion under his head. 他躺在地板上，头下枕着一个垫子。
customary ['kVstKmKri] a. 习惯上的, 惯常的, 合乎习俗的 【同】usual; habitual; conventional 【例】Is it customary to tip waiters in your country? 在贵国按惯例是否应该付小费？ It's customary to give people gifts on their birthdays. 给人送生日礼物是惯常的事。
cycle ['saikl] n. 1.自行车, 摩托车2.循环, 周期 vi. 1.骑自行车, 骑摩托车2.循环 【例】This is the cycle of economic booms and slumps. 这是经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化。He goes to work by cycle. 他骑自行车上班。
cylinder ['silindK] n. 1.圆柱体, 圆筒2.汽缸, 泵(或筒)体 【例】The cylinder is a crucial part of the washing machine. 滚筒是洗衣机必不可少的部分。
D
dairy ['dEKri] n. 牛奶场, 乳品店 a. 乳制品的
dam [d<m] n. 坝, 堤 vt. 筑堤(坝)挡住 【例】The village was swept away when the dam burst. 村庄在水坝决堤时被冲走了。
daring ['dEKriN] a.大胆的，勇敢的
darling ['dA:liN] n. 1.[用作称呼] 亲爱的2.心爱的人, 可爱的人 a.可爱的, 心爱的 【例】She is a little darling. 她是一个极可爱的小孩。
datum ['deitKm] n. (sing.) 数据
daylight ['deilait] n. 日光, 白昼 【例】He was up at daylight. 他天亮就起来了。
dazzle ['d<zl] vt. 1.使眩目, 耀(眼)2.使赞叹不已, 使倾倒 n. 1.耀眼的光2.令人赞叹的东西 【同】dim the vision; daze; blind 【例】She was dazzled by her sudden success. 突然的成功使她感到迷惘。His eyes dazzled before the strong light. 他面对强光头晕目眩。
deadline ['dedlain] n. 最后期限
deafen ['defn] vt. 使聋；使隔音
dealer ['di:lK] n. 1.商人2.发牌者 【例】He bought a used car from a car dealer. 他从汽车商那里买了一辆旧汽车。
debate [di'beit] v. 辩论, 争论 【例】After a long debate the bill was passed. 经长时间的辩论，议案获得通过。He debated carefully before he decided. 他慎重考虑后方做决定。This is a question that they have often debated. 这是个他们经常讨论的问题。
decade ['dekeid] n. 十年, 十年期 【例】Several decades have elapsed since I graduated from the college. 我大学毕业已数十年了。Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 在过去十年里，物价一直在上涨。
deceit [di'si:t] n. 欺骗, 欺诈, 诡计 【同】trick; insincerity; dishonesty 【例】It is discouraging to think how many people are shocked by honesty and how few by deceit. 对诚实感到吃惊的人那么多，而对欺骗感到吃惊的人那么少，想到这些真叫人沮丧。He is full of deceit. 他诡计多端。His deceit is disgusting; he took everybody in! 他的欺诈手段令人憎恶，弄得人人上当!
decent ['di:snt] a. 1.像样的, 过得去的, 体面的2.宽厚的, 大方的3.正派的, 合乎礼仪的, 得体的 【同】mannerly; virtuous; proper 【例】Our task is not to create an idyllic environment peopled by the poor. Our task is to create a decent environment peopled by the proud. 我们任务不是造就住着穷人的田园式环境。我们的任务是造就住着充满自尊的人的体面的环境。It was decent of her to help the homeless. 她帮助无家可归的人，真是可敬。
decided [di'saidid] a. 确定的,坚决的
decisive [di'saisiv] a. 1.决定性的2.坚定的, 果断的, 决断的 【例】The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. 他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛胜负的决定性因素。Be decisive, tell them exactly what you think should be done. 果断些，确切地告诉他们你认为应该怎么做。
decline [di'klain] n. 下降, 减少, 衰退 vi. 1.下降, 减少2.衰退, 衰落3.谢绝, 拒绝 vt. 谢绝, 拒绝 【同】refuse; decrease; sink 【例】The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation; the two keep pace in their downward tendency. 文学的衰落表现着民族的衰落，这二者在走下坡路时步调是一致的。I wish prices would decline. 但愿物价下降。The wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake. 墙壁因地震而倾斜。He spent his declining years in the country. 他在乡间度过晚年。Divorcing ourselves from the masses and from reality only results in the nation’s falling behind and power decline. 闭门造车只能导致国家的落后和国力的衰退。Television is having such a vast effect on national habits that it has caused a serious decline in the film attendance, and many cinemas have had to close down. 电视正对国民的生活习惯产生着巨大影响，导致了电影上座率的严重下滑，许多电影院也不得不关门大吉。
decompose [,di:kKm'pKuz] v.腐败；分解 【例】There is a decomposing corpse of a deer. 那儿有一具鹿的腐尸。
decorate ['dekKreit] vt. 装饰, 装璜 【例】We decorated the house for Christmas. 我们装饰房屋过圣诞节。Several soldiers were decorated for bravery. 数名士兵因英勇而受嘉奖。
decrease ['di:kris] v. 减小, 减少 n. 减小, 减少(量) 【例】They are making further efforts to decrease military spending. 他们正在做进一步的努力来减少军费开支。His interest in this subject gradually decreases. 他对这门学科的兴趣逐渐减退。There has been a steady decrease in population in this city. 这个城市的人口在持续下降。
dedicate ['dedikeit] vt. 1.题献词于(著作等)上2.(to)把(一生等)献给, 把(时间、精力等)用于 【同】consign; bless; devote 【例】In old age, there is no greater comfort than realizing that he had dedicated all his vigor and vitality to an immortal cause when he was young. 暮年时最大的欣慰莫过于认识到，自己已经把年轻时的全部活力，全部生命都献给了不朽的事业。The ancient Greek dedicated many shrines to Aphrodite. 古希腊人为爱神阿弗罗狄特造了许多神庙。She dedicated her life to science. 她毕生致力于科学。
deduce [di'dju:s] vt. 推论, 推断, 演绎
deem [di:m] vt. 认为, 视为 【同】assume; consider; believe 【例】She was deemed the winner. 人们认为她获胜。I deem it proper to refuse. 我看还是拒绝为好。
deepen ['di:pKn] vt.加深 vi.深化 【例】The night deepened. 夜深了。
deer [diK] n. 鹿 【例】The deer escaped to the deep forest. 那鹿逃入了丛林深处。The white-lipped deer are rare in this area. 白唇鹿在这个地区很罕见。
defect ['di:fekt] n. 缺点, 缺陷, 毛病 vi. 变节, 叛变 【同】fault; drawback 【例】The fundamental defect of fathers is that they want their children to be a credit to them. 父亲们根本的毛病是想通过孩子争光。A defect in the fuel lines prevented the missile from blasting off. 燃料管路上的一个缺陷妨碍了导弹的发射。
deficit ['defisit] n.赤字，亏空，亏损 【同】shortage; lack; deficiency 【例】A recent survey revealed that Americans suffered from an epidemic of sleep deficit. 最近的调查表明，美国人广泛睡眠不足。The company had a deficit of 5000 dollars. 公司亏空了五千美元。
define [di'fain] vt. 1. 给…下定义；解释; 2.限定，规定 【例】When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble. 国与国之间的边界未明确划定时，通常会发生纠纷。The powers of a judge are defined by law. 法官的权限是由法律规定的。
definition [,defi'niSn] n.1.定义，释义;2.清晰(度)，鲜明(度) 【例】To give a definition of a word is more difficult than to give an illustration of its use. 给一个词下定义要比举例说明它的用法困难。The photo lacks definition. 这张照片不够清晰。
deform [di'fO:m] vt. 损坏…的形状 【同】disfigure; deface; damage 【例】Sitting badly for long periods of time can deform your spine. 长时间的错误坐姿会使你的脊柱变形。His leg was deformed in an accident. 他的腿在一次事故中致畸。
deformation [,difO:'meiSn] n. 变形
defy [di'fai] vt. 1.（公然）违抗，藐视 2.使成为不可能；3.挑，激 【同】challenge; oppose; dare 【例】Death defies the doctor. 死亡蔑视医生。Her beauty defies description. 她的美貌难以形容。The pine trees defy severe cold. 松树不畏严寒。
degenerate [di'dZenKrKt] vi.衰退，堕落，蜕化； a.衰退的，堕落的； n.堕落者 【同】corrupt; worse; immoral 【例】Aging is accompanied by a slow degeneration of his mental faculties. 随着年龄的增长他的智力逐渐衰退。
delegation [,deli'geiSn] n.代表团
deliberate [di'libKrKt] a. 1.故意的, 蓄意的2.慎重的, 深思熟虑的 v. 仔细考虑, 思考 【同】resolute; determined; purposeful 【例】The only time to lose your temper is when it’s deliberate. 惟一可以发怒的时候是你有意为之的时候。He entered the room with deliberate steps. 他从容不迫地走进室内。He told us a deliberate lie. 他存心说谎。
delicate ['delikKt] a. 1.易碎的, 脆弱的2.微妙的, 棘手的3.娇弱的, 纤细的4.精美的, 雅致的 【同】feeble; sensitive; susceptible 【例】Pride is seldom delicate; it will please itself with very mean advantages. 骄傲难得讲究，它会由于微乎其微的优势而自鸣得意。Her delicate health needs great care. 她娇弱的身体需要小心照料。The international situation is very delicate at present. 目前的国际形势极其微妙。The scientist needs some delicate instruments. 这位科学家需要一些精密的仪器。
delivery [di'livKri] n. 1.投递, 送交2.投递的邮件, 发送的货物3.分娩4.讲话方式, 演讲风格 【例】The next postal delivery is at 4 o'clock. 下一次邮递时间是四点钟。
demonstrate ['demKnstreit] vt. 1.论证, 证明2.说明, 演示3.显示, 表露 vi. 举行示威游行(或集会) 【例】Please demonstrate how the machine works. 请示范机器的使用方法。She demonstrated that 2 and 2 are four. 她证明2加2等于四。
denial [di'naiKl] n. 1.否认2.拒绝, 拒绝给予 【同】rejection; opposition; refusal 【例】Never think that God’s delays denials. Hold on; hold fast; hold out. Patience is genius. 千万不要以为上帝的拖延就是上帝的拒绝。坚持、抓紧，顶住。耐心就是天才。The prisoner repeated denials of the charges against him. 囚犯对被控罪名再三否认。The government has issued a denial of an election in May. 政府发表声明否认五月份要进行选举。
denote [di'nKut] vt. 1.意思是2.表示, 是...的标志 【同】mean; signify; represent 【例】Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best end by the best means. 明智指的是以最好的办法追求最好的结果。This word denotes a certain kind of animal. 这个词是一种野兽的名称。A smile often denotes pleasure and friendship. 微笑常常表示高兴和友善。
dense [dens] a. 1.密集的, 稠密的, 浓密的2.密度大的 【例】I can't see anything in this dense mist. 这样的浓雾里，我什么也看不见。One or two of the students in my class are a bit dense. 我班上有一两个学生有点迟钝。
density ['densiti] n. 1.密集, 稠密2.密度 【同】solidity; thickness; impenetrability 【例】There are people who bear their pains with a better grace when they think of greater sufferings on the part of other people, and so, in a density’s chair, they keep their minds upon hospitals. 有些人在想到别人更大的苦难时能较为从容地承受自身的痛苦，于是，坐在牙医的椅子上，他们一心想着医院。The density of population in this city is very high. 这个城市的人口密度非常高。
dentist ['dentist] n. 牙科医生 【例】The dentist was cleaning and taking out teeth. 牙科医生正在清洁和拔牙。I was fitted an artificial tooth by the dentist. 牙医给我镶了颗假牙。
dependence [di'pendKns] n. 依赖,依存,信赖 【例】Are the Hawaiian Islands a dependence of the USA? 夏威夷群岛是美国的属地吗？This kind of dependence on computer can also lead to the dependence on their parents in life. 这种对电脑的依赖也会导致他们在生活上对父母的依赖。
dependent [di'pendKnt] a. (on, upon)1.依靠的, 依赖的2.取决于...的 【例】The child is dependent on his parents for support. 这个小孩靠他的父母养活。
depict [di'pikt] vt. 描绘, 描述 【同】picture; design; portray 【例】The drawing depicts her sitting on a sofa. 这幅画画的是她在沙发上的坐姿。This painting depicts the birth of Venus. 这幅画描绘的是维纳斯的诞生。The book depicts him as a rather unpleasant character. 这本书把他刻画成一个相当令人讨厌的人物。
deposit [di'pOzit] n. 1.定金, 押金2.存款3.沉积物, 矿床, 矿藏 vt. 1.使沉淀, 使沉积2.存放, 寄存3.储蓄 【同】drop; place 【例】The mark of the historic is the indifference with which it picks up an individual and deposits him in a trend, like a house playfully moved in a tornado. 历史性事件的标志是冷漠，它拈起一个人并把它置于某种趋势中，使之像龙卷风中的房子一样被戏弄。He deposited the case in the left luggage office. 他把箱子放在行李寄存处。
deposition [,depK'ziSn] n.免职，罢免
depress [di'pres] vt. 1.使沮丧, 使消沉2.使不景气, 削弱3.按下, 压下 【例】The thought of having to take the exam again depressed me. 想到还需重新考试，我就感到沮丧。The threat of war has depressed business activity. 战争的威胁使经济萧条。Depress this button to rewind the tape. 按下这个按钮倒带。
deprive [di'praiv] vt. (of)剥夺, 使丧失 【同】lose; rob 【例】Poverty often deprives a man of all spirit and virtue; it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright. 贫穷常常使人丧失全部精神与美德，空口袋是难以站直的。What will a student do if he were deprived of his books? 一个学生如果没有了书籍，将怎么办？
deputy ['dipju:ti] n. 1.副职, 副手2.代表, 代理人 【同】appointee; delegate 【例】I抦 acting as deputy till the headmaster returns. 我在校长回来前代行他的职务。I must find someone to act as a deputy for me during my absence. 我必须找一个人，在我离开期间代理我的职务。He is the deputy mayor of the city. 他是本市的副市长。
derive [di'raiv] vt. 1.取得, 得到2.追溯...的起源(或来由) vi. (from)起源, 衍生
descent [di'sent] n. 1.下降, 下倾2.斜坡, 坡道3.血统, 世系 【同】falling; slope; origin 【例】The man of thirty who loves for the first time is usually the embodiment of cautious discretion. He does not fall in love with a violent descent, but rather lets himself gently down, continually testing the rope. 初次恋爱的30岁常常小心谨慎的化身。他不是一条栽进情网，而是愿意不断检验着绳子慢慢滑下来。There was a descent of temperature after rain. 雨后气温下降了。The descent down the mountain took nearly two hours. 下山差不多花了两个小时。
designate ['dezigneit] vt. 1.指派, 委任2.标出, 把...定名为 【同】indicate; appoint 【例】The green marks on this drawing designate emergency doors. 这张图上的绿色符号标示太平门。She was designated sportswoman of the year. 她被指定为本年度的体坛明星。The town has been designated a development area. 该城市已被定为开发区。The chairman has designated that boy as his successor. 主席已经指定那个男孩作他的继承人。
desirable [di'zaiKrKbl] a. 1.值得想望的, 值得拥有的2.可取的, 有利的 【同】satisfactory; helpful; profitable 【例】Property is the fruit of labor —— property is desirable —— is a positive good in the world. 财富是劳动成果──财富是合乎需要的──是人世间实际的利益。It isn't really desirable to have him working here. 让他在这里工作其实并不必要。
desolate ['desKlKt] a. 1.荒芜的, 无人烟的2.被遗弃的, 孤独凄凉的 vt. 1.使悲惨, 使孤独凄凉2.使沦为废墟, 使荒芜 【同】deserted; bare; barren; bleak; sad 【例】The house looked out over a bleak and desolate landscape. 从屋子望出去是一片萧瑟和荒凉的景色。
despair [di'spEK] n. 1.绝望2.使人绝望的人(或事物) v. (of)绝望, 失去希望 【同】depression; discouragement; gloom 【例】He who has never hoped can never despair. 从不抱希望的人永远不会失望。He gave up the attempt in despair. 他绝望之下放弃了尝试。Trying to keep this garden in order is the despair of my life. 把这个花园管理好是我力不能及的事。
despatch [di'sp<tS] vt. 派遣, 调遣, 发送 n. 1.(公文)急件, 快信2.(记者发回的)新闻报道3.派遣, 调遣 【例】She did the job with great despatch. 她以高效率完成了那件工作。
desperate ['despKrKt] a. 1.不顾一切的, 孤注一掷的2.极想望的, 极需要的3.绝望的, 危急的 【同】hopeless; sad; despairing 【例】If the failures of this world could realize how desperate half the present-day geniuses once felt, they would take heart and try again. 世上的失败者若能了解到当今的天才有半数一度感过多绝望，他们就会振作精神，再次努力。
despise [di'spaiz] vt. 鄙视, 看不起 【同】feel contempt for; scorn; disdain 【例】It is easy to despise what you cannot get. 对得不到的东西表示看不起并不难。I despise his refusing to accept responsibility. 他拒不承担责任，我鄙视他。A dish of strawberries and cream is not to be despised. 一盘草莓加乳酪应该算不差了。
despite [di'spait] prep. 不管, 尽管 【例】He came to the meeting despite his illness. 尽管生病，他还是来参加会议。Demand for these books is high, despite their high price. 尽管这些书价钱昂贵，对他们的需求仍然很高。
dessert [di'zK:t] n. (餐后)甜食, 甜点心 【例】I like to have ice cream for dessert. 我喜欢在正餐后吃冰淇淋当甜点。
destination [,desti'neiSn] n. 1.目的地, 终点2.目标, 目的 【同】objective; goal; aim 【例】No wind blows in favor of a ship without a destination. 没有目的地船永远得不到顺风。The parcel was sent to the wrong destination. 包裹送错了地方。We eventually arrived at our destination. 我们终于到达了目的地。
destruction [di'strVkSn] n. 破坏, 毁灭, 消灭 【例】It will cause pollution and the destruction of our seas and oceans. 这会引起污染，破坏我们的海洋和江河。
destructive [di'strVktiv] a. 破坏(性)的, 毁灭(性)的 【例】Are all small children so destructive? 是不是儿童都喜欢破坏? The destructive force of the storm is huge. 暴风雨的破坏力是巨大的。
detail ['di:teil] n. 1.细节, 详情2.枝节, 琐事 vt. 详述, 详细说明 【例】The full details of the agreement haven't been made public. 协议的细节尚未公布。He told us the accident in detail. 他详细地把事故讲给我们听。Could you detail all your expenses on this form? 请把你的各项开支列在这张表格上，好吗？
detain [di'tein] vt. 1.拘留, 扣留2.留住, 耽搁 【同】hold; keep; delay; restrain 【例】The police detained him for questioning. 警察对他拘留审问。
detector [di'tektK] n.发觉者，探测器
deteriorate [di'tiKriKreit] vi. 恶化, 变坏 【同】decline; corrupt; corrode; disintegrate 【例】The situation is deteriorating. 局势正在恶化。
deviate ['di:vieit] vi. (from)背离, 偏离
device [di'vais] n. 1.装置, 设备, 器械2.手段, 策略
devise [di'vaiz] vt. 发明, 策划, 想出 【同】design; invent 【例】Too often we forget that genius, too, depends upon the data within its reach, that even Archimedes could not have devised Edison’s inventions. 我们实在是经常忘记，天才也依赖于所能得到的资料，就连阿基米德都无法设计出爱迪生的发明。The government devised a scheme for redeveloping the city center. 政府制定了市中心重建计划。
diagnose ['daiKgnKuz] vt. 诊断, 判断 【同】analyze; investigate; inquire 【例】The doctor diagnosed measles. 医生诊断出麻疹。
dialect ['daiKlekt] n. 方言, 土语 【例】Do you speak Sichuan dialect? 你会说四川话吗？
dictate ['dikteit] v. 1.口授, 口述2.命令, 支配 n. 命令, 规定, 要求 【例】He was dictating a letter to his secretary. 他在向秘书口授信稿。I will not be dictated to. 我不愿受人摆布。
dictator [dik'teitK] n.独裁者，专政者 【同】tyrant; oppressor; absolute ruler 【例】God is no dictator. He leaves us the freedom to master ourselves. 上帝不是独裁者，他为我们留下了主宰自己的自由。
diet ['daiKt] n. 1.日常饮食2.(病人或减肥者的)特种饮食, 规定饮食vi. 进特种饮食, 节食 【同】food; menu 【例】Diet cures more than the doctor. 饮食治愈的病比医生治愈的多。Proper diet and exercise are both important for health. 适当的饮食和运动对身体健康都很重要。The doctor put me on a very strict diet. 医生严格限制我的饮食。
differ ['difK] vi. 1.不同, 相异2.(在意见方面)发生分歧 【例】Although our looks differ, we are both attractive. 尽管我俩相貌不同，但都讨人喜欢。We differ about moral standards. 我们对道德标准看法不一致。
differentiate [,difK'renSieit] vi. (between)区分, 区别vt. 1.区分, 区别2.使不同, 使有差异 【同】adapt; modify; alter; change 【例】Refereeing by journalists facilitates differentiating amateurs and professionals. 区分业余人士和专业人士由于记者的审核变得容易。
diffuse [di'fju:s] v.1.扩散, (使)弥漫2.传播, 散布 a. 1.(文章等)冗长的, 漫无边际的2.四散的, 弥漫的 【同】dispersed; scattered 【例】This light radiates diffuse illumination. 这个灯散发的是散光。Fashion trends diffuse themselves rapidly around the globe. 时装新潮很快就在全世界流行起来。The light was diffused by the leaves. 树叶使光线漫射。
digest ['daidZest] vt. 1.消化2.吸收, 领悟 n. 文摘 【同】consume; absorb; understand 【例】To eat is human, to digest is divine. 能吃的是人，能消化的是神。This rich food doesn't digest easily. 这种油腻的食物不易消化。It took me some time to digest what I had heard. 我花了一些时间才把听到的东西弄明白。
digital ['didZitl] a. 数字的, 数字显示的 【例】Most of the computers we are using are digital computers. 我们正在使用的计算机大多数是数字计算机。
dignity ['digniti] n. 1.庄严, 端庄2.尊严, 高贵 【同】nobility; respect; regard 【例】Perhaps the only true dignity of man is his capacity to despise himself. 人惟一真正的尊贵也许在于能够鄙视自己。There was something impressive about Julia's quiet dignity. 朱丽亚的宁静端庄给人印象很深。The real dignity of a man lies in what he is, not in what he has. 一个人的真正尊严在于他的品格，而非他的财富。
dilemma [di'lemK] n. (进退两难的)窘境, 困境 【同】difficult choice; difficult situation 【例】She was in a dilemma over staying in her tiny room or moving to a bigger one. 她左右为难，不知是继续住小套间还是搬到大套间。
dim [dim] a. 1.昏暗的, 暗淡的2.朦胧的, 隐约的3.(视力等)模糊不清的 v. (使)变暗淡, (使)变模糊 【例】The light was too dim for me to read easily. 光线太暗，我看书有困难。She is rather dim about the importance of keeping records. 她不明白作记录的重要性。The light of a candle is dimmed by sunlight. 烛光在日光下显得很黯淡。
dimension [di'menSn] n. 1.方面, 特点2.尺寸, 长(或宽、厚、深)度3.[pl.] 面积, 规模, 程度 【同】size; measurement 【例】Man’s mind stretched to a new idea never goes back to its original dimension. 人的头脑伸展到触及新思想之后，绝不会缩回原先的尺寸。Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension. 时间有时被称为第四度空间。There is another dimension to this problem which you haven't considered. 这个问题还有你尚未考虑到的另一个方面。
diminish [di'miniS] vi. 变少, 变小, 降低 vt. 减少, 减小, 降低 【同】decrease; decline; reduce 【例】Absence diminishes little passions and increases great ones, just as the wind blows out a candle and fans a fire. 离别减弱浅薄的感情而增强深厚的感情，正如风吹灭蜡烛而扇旺火焰。His illness diminished his health. 疾病侵蚀了他的健康。He likes to diminish the skills of others. 他喜欢贬低别人的技能。As he turned the knob, the sound diminished. 他一转旋钮，声音就变小了。
dip [dip] vt. 浸, 蘸 vi. 落下, 下降 n. 浸, 蘸 【例】He dipped his pen in the ink. 他拿钢笔蘸墨水。The boat dipped into the waves. 小船沉没在波涛之中。The land dips gently to the south. 地面缓缓向南倾斜。
diploma [di'plKumK] n. 毕业文凭, 毕业证书, 资格证书 【同】graduation certificate; credentials 【例】Don’t hang your diplomas in your office unless you’re an M. D. 不要把学位证书挂在办公室里，除非你是医学博士。He obtained a diploma in architecture. 他获得了建筑学的学位证书。The diploma is very important for him to get the job. 对他来说，要得到那份工作，文凭是很重要的。
diplomatic [,diplK'm<tik] a. 1.外交的, 从事外交的2.策略的, 有手腕的 【同】tactful; political; artful 【例】The reason for having diplomatic relations is not to confer a compliment, but to secure a convenience. 建立外交关系不是为了表达敬意，而是要获取便利。They can't be prosecuted for this offence－－they have diplomatic immunity. 他们不会因这次违法行为而受到检控－－他们享有外交豁免权。He tried to be diplomatic when he refused their invitation. 他在拒绝他们的邀请时，尽可能地婉转些。
directory [di'rektKri] n. 人名地址录, 工商行名录, (电话)号码簿 【例】The telephone directory gives people's names, addresses, and telephone numbers. 电话号码簿提供人名、地址和电话号码。
disable [dis'eibl] vt. 丧失能力, 伤残 【同】cripple; weaken; damage 【例】He was disabled from walking by the accident. 由于车祸，他不能走路了。The soldier disabled by wounds in his leg is buried in sadness. 那个腿部受伤致残的士兵正沉浸在悲哀之中。Old age disabled him for hard labour. 年迈使他不能干繁重的工作。
disadvantage [,disKd'vA:ntidZ] n.不利，不利地位 【例】If you don't speak good English, you'll be at a big disadvantage when you try to get a job. 你要是英语讲得不好，找工作时就会处于非常不利的地位。One of the main disadvantages of this system is that it uses very large amounts of fuel. 该系统的主要弱点之一是消耗大量燃料。There are some diasvantages brought about by raising pets. 养宠物有一些弊端。But the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that too much land that could be used for farming or housing will inevitably be occupied by more and more roads. 但这种方案的不足之处在于这样一个事实：建造道路会不可变面的占用过多的土地，而这些土地本来是可以用于耕作或建房的。
disagree [,disK'gri:] vi.意见不同；不一致 【例】I disagree with you on this point. 我不同意你的意见。The climate disagrees with me. 我不适应这里的气候。These two reports of the accident disagree with each other. 这两篇关于事故的报道不太一致。
disaster [di'zA:stK] n. 1.灾难，大祸2.彻底的失败 【例】They had led the country into economic disaster. 他们把国家带入了经济灾难中。
disastrous [di'zA:strKs] a. 1.灾难性的，造成灾害的2.极坏的，很糟的 【同】ruinous; harmful; unfavorable 【例】Buying this house was a disastrous step; it’s going to have a main road built behind it. 买下这所房子是一大失策；因为房子后面要建一条公路。The new system has had a disastrous effect on productivity. 新制度已对生产力造成了灾难性的影响。
disc [disk] n. 1.圆盘2.唱片, 磁盘, 光盘 【例】Have you recorded the data in disc? 你已把那些数据存储到磁盘上了吗？
discard ['diskA:d] vt. 丢弃, 抛弃 【同】reject; expel; protest; cast aside 【例】If in the last few years you haven’t discarded a major opinion or acquired a new one, investigate and see if you are not growing old. 倘若近几年你不曾抛弃一种主要的见解或获得一种新的，就调查一下看看自己是否变老了。He discarded his winter clothing. 他把冬天穿的衣服都脱掉了。History discarded him. 他被历史所抛弃。You've got to discard before you can pick up another card. 你得先打出一张牌，才能拿另一张牌。
discern [di'sK:n] vt. 1.看出, 察觉出2.识别, 认出 【同】make out; perceive; detect 【例】The beginning of all war may be discerned not only by the first act of hostility, but by counsels and preparations foregoing. 一切战争的开端不仅可由首次敌对行动中察觉出到，亦可由事前的策划和准备识别。He was just able to discern the road from the dark. 他在黑暗中只能勉强辨认出道路。I soon discerned that the man was lying. 我马上察觉出那人在撒谎。
discharge ['distSA:dZ] vt. 1.允许...离开, 释放, 解雇2.排出, 放出, 发射3.卸(货), 下(客) vi. 排出, 流出, 放电 n. 1.获准离开, 释放2.排出, 放出, 放电 【同】unload; remove; emit; dismiss 【例】A principal fruit of friendship is the ease and discharge of the fullness and swelling of the heart. 友谊的一个主要成果就是满腹心事的安顿和宣泄。The judge discharged the prisoner. 法官把囚犯释放了。They discharged their arrows at the enemy. 他们把箭射向敌人。How long will the discharge of the cargo take? 卸货需要多久？
disclose [dis'klKuz] vt. 揭露, 泄露, 透露 【例】I have no intention of disclosing their names. 我无意泄露他们的姓名。The authorities finally disclosed the truth to the press. 当局终于向新闻界透露了真相。The report disclosed that he had served in prison. 报告披露他曾坐过牢。
discount ['diskaunt] n. (价格、债款等)折扣 vt. 1.把...打折扣2.不(全)信, 漠视, 低估 【同】deduct; reduce; diminish 【例】Western sources in the talks discounted the harsh Eastern reaction. 会谈中，西方的消息源轻描淡写地报道了东方的反应。The discount was very huge. 折扣的幅度非常大。We give 10 percent discount for cash. 现金付款，我们九折优惠。
discriminate [di'skrimineit] vi. 1(between)区别, 辨别2.(against)有判别地对待, 歧视 【例】Can you discriminate good books from bad? 你能区别好书与坏书吗？ People should not be discriminated against. 人们不应该被区别对待。
disgust [dis'gVst] n. 使厌恶, 使反感 vt. 厌恶, 反感 【例】He returned downstairs in disgust. 他厌恶地转身下楼。His behavior filled her with disgust. 她对他的行为充满了厌恶。
dishonour [dis'OnK] n.不光彩；丢脸的人, 不名誉【例】His behaviours have brought dishonour onto his family. 他的行为给他的家庭带来了耻辱。He was a dishonour to his regiment. 他是那个团的耻辱。
dislike [dis'laik] vt.& n. 不喜爱, 厌恶 【例】If you behave like that, you'll get yourself disliked. 如果你的行为那样，你会让人厌恶的。He dislikes dogs. 他不喜欢狗。
dismay [dis'mei] n. 1.失望, 气馁2.惊恐, 惊愕 vt. 1.使失望, 使气馁2.使惊恐, 使惊愕 【同】frighten; alarm; dread 【例】My guess is that well over 80% of the human race goes through life without having a single original thought. Whenever a new one appears the average man shows signs of dismay and resentment. 我认为足足百分之八十以上的人一辈子连一个独创性的想法都没有。一有新思想出现，平常人就现出惊慌和反感的迹象。To my dismay, he made the same mistakes. 使我惊讶的是，他又犯了同样的错误。It dismayed us that the project had been canceled. 那个计划取消了，这让我们非常惊讶。
dismiss [diz'mis] vt. 1.不再考虑, 不接受2.免...职, 解雇, 开除3.解散, 遣散4.驳回, 不受理 【例】If you are late again, you will be dismissed. 如果你再迟到，你将被解雇。He dismissed the unpleasant subject and talked about something else. 他不谈论这个令人不愉快的话题，而去谈论别的事情。
disorder [dis'O:dK] n. 1.混乱, 凌乱2.骚乱, 动乱3.(身心、机能的)失调, 病 【例】The room is in dreadful disorder. 房间里乱七八糟。Anxiety may disorder the stomach. 忧虑可能会引起胃部不适。
dispatch [di'sp<tS] vt. 派遣, 调遣, 发送 n. 1.(公文)急件, 快信2.(记者发回的)新闻报道3.派遣, 调遣 【同】transmit; express; send 【例】American warships have been dispatched to the area. 美国军舰已派往该地区。A messenger was dispatched to take the news to the soldiers at the front. 一名通讯员被派去给前线士兵送消息。We soon dispatched the chocolate cake. 我们很快就吃完了巧克力蛋糕。She did the job with great dispatch. 她以高效率完成了那件工作。
disperse [di'spK:s] vi. 1.使分散, 散开2.使消散, 消失 vt. 1.分散, 赶散2.消散, 驱散 【同】separate; scatter; break up 【例】The wind dispersed the cloud from the sky. 风吹散了天上的云。The police dispersed the crowd. 警方驱散群众。
displace [dis'pleis] vt. 1.取代, 替代2.迫使...离开家园, 使离开原位 【同】remove; dislodge; mislay 【例】He displaced a bone in his knee while playing football. 他踢球时，膝盖骨脱臼了。Moderates have displaced the extremists on the committee. 在委员会中，稳健派人士取代了激进派人士。Weeds tend to displace other plants. 杂草有取代其他植物之势。The indigenous population was soon displaced by the settlers. 没过多久，外来移民就把当地人赶出了家园。
displacement [dis'pleismKnt] n.移置；免职；置换
display [di'splei] vt. 1.陈列, 展览2.显示, 表现 【例】The bestsellers were sold out before they were displayed. 这些畅销书尚未陈列就卖光了。His paintings are on display at the exhibition. 他的绘画正在展览会上展出。
displease [dis'pli:z] vt.使不愉快，使生气 【例】Her husband's failure to notice her new hairstyle displeased her very much. 她丈夫没注意到她的新发型，这使她大为不悦。
disposal [di'spKuzl] n. 1.丢掉, 清除2.排列, 布置 【同】discarding; transfer 【例】I am at your disposal. 我听你调遣。He has a large number of reference books at his disposal. 他有大量的参考书可供使用。We placed everything at his disposal. 我们把一切事情都交给他处理。
dispose [di'spKuz] vt. 1.排列, 布置2.使倾向于, 使有利于 vi. (of)1.去掉, 丢掉, 除掉2.处理, 解决 【例】Hardship disposes man to meet adversity. 艰苦能让人适应逆境。He doesn't know how to dispose of his spare time. 他不知道怎样安排业余时间。
disregard [,disri'gA:d] vt. 不理会, 漠视 n. 忽视, 漠视 【同】neglect; omission; oversight 【例】Courage is not an absence of fear, but the ability to overcome or fear. 勇敢不是没有恐惧，而是能够克服或不理会恐惧。He disregarded his doctor's advice. 他无视医生的劝告。Disregarding all the difficulties, we arrived here in time. 尽管有那么多困难，我们仍然及时地到达了这儿。The official has shown a total disregard for the needs of the poor. 这个官员对穷人的需求表现出完全漠视的态度。
dissatisfy [di's<tisfai] vi.使不满，使不平
dissolve [di'zOlv] vi. 1.溶解, 融化2.消失, 减弱 vt. 1.使溶解, 使融化2.解散, 结束 【同】melt; disintegrate; destroy 【例】If we were all given by magic the power to read each other’s thoughts, I suppose the first effect would be to dissolve all friendships. 假如我们都被魔法赋予了看穿彼此内心的能力，我猜想第一个效果会是消除一切友谊。The parliament was dissolved. 议会解散了。Ice dissolved in the warm weather. 冰在温暖的天气中溶化了。
distillation [,disti'leiSn] n. 蒸馏
distinct [di'stiNkt] a. 1.有区别的, 不同的2.清楚的, 清晰的3.明确的, 显著的 【例】Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other. 这两种观点截然不同。There is a distinct possibility that she'll be your teacher next term. 她下学期当你们的老师的可能性非常大。
distinction [di'stiNkSn] n. 1.差别, 不同2.区分, 辨别3.优秀, 杰出4.荣誉, 优待 【同】difference; excellence; feature 【例】Success seems to be that which forms the distinction between confidence and conceit. 成功似乎是区别自信与自负的标准。We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我们应该分清是非。He passed the examination with distinction. 他以优异成绩通过考试。
distort [di'stO:t] vt. 1.歪曲, 曲解2.扭曲, 使变形 vi. 变形 【同】twist; deform 【例】Get your facts, and then you can distort them as you please. 首先得掌握事实，然后你可以随意歪曲它们。You have distorted my motives. 你曲解了我的动机。The government was accused of having systematically distorted the protester's case. 政府因为有计划地歪曲抗议者的观点而受到责难。
distract [di'str<kt] vt. 转移(注意力), 使分心 【同】mislead; confuse 【例】The reason why we are so pleased to find out other people’s secrets is that it distracts public attention from our own. 我们所以如此乐于发现别人的秘密，是由于它能分散大家对我们自身秘密的注意。
distress [di'stres] n. 1.痛苦, 悲伤, 忧虑2.贫困, 困苦3.危难, 不幸 vt. 使痛苦, 使悲伤, 使忧虑 【同】worry; grief; trouble 【例】His wild behavior was a great distress to his mother. 他的放荡的行为使他的母亲极为苦恼。The lifeboat went out to a ship in distress. 救生船去救一艘遇险的船只。What are you looking so distressed for? 什么事情使你看起来如此烦恼？
disturb [di'stK:b] vt. 1.打扰, 妨碍2.使不安, 使烦恼3.弄乱, 打乱 【例】He put his oars in the water and disturbed the smooth surface of the lake. 他把桨放入水中，搅乱了平静的湖面。
ditch [ditS] n. 沟, 渠道 【例】The frog jumped into the ditch. 青蛙跳进了沟里。
diverse [dai'vK:s] a. 1.不同的, 相异的2.多种多样的 【同】various; distinct; altered 【例】Diverse paths lead diverse folk the right way to Rome. 不同的道路引导不同的人直抵罗马。The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera. 节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。They are the people from diverse cultures. 他们是一些有着不同文化背景的人。
diversion [dai'vK:Sn] n. 1.转移, 转向2.消遣, 娱乐3.(修路时的)临时绕行路 【例】Chess is his favorite diversion. 象棋是他最喜欢的娱乐活动。I think your last argument was a diversion to make us forget the main point. 我认为你最后的那个论点是在转移目标，以便我们忘掉要点。
dizzy ['dizi] a. 1.头晕目眩的, 眩晕2.(可能)人头晕 【同】confuse; unsteady 【例】Love intrudes most easily when one is weak —— when one is dizzy with success or is in a dilemma or is lone. 爱情在人们虚弱的时候最容易闯入──在由于成功而晕头转向，在处于困境或感到孤独的时候。The room was so hot that she felt dizzy. 房间里热得她头晕目眩。We were dizzy by the strong wind. 我们被大风刮得头晕目眩。
doctrine ['dOktrin] n. 教义, 教条, 主义 【同】dogma; teaching; conviction 【例】The wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme; he sees no rafter, not even a cobweb, against the heaven. It is clear sky. 最大的智者不鼓吹任何学说，没有任何体系。遥望天空，他眼中没有橼木，甚至没有蛛网。那是一片澄明的天宇。Christian and Muslim doctrines are very different. 基督教教义和穆斯林教义极为不同。
documentary [,dOkjK'mentKri] n. 纪录片 a.1.纪录的, 纪实的2.文件的, 文献的
dome [dKum] n. 圆屋顶, 穹顶 【例】The dome of St. Paul Cathedral is well known in the world. 圣保罗教堂的圆顶闻名于世。
domestic [dK'mestik] a. 1.本国的, 国内的2.家(庭)的, 家用的3.驯养的 【例】The newspaper provides more foreign news than domestic news. 这家报纸刊登的国外消息多于国内消息。He has had many domestic troubles. 他有许多家庭纠纷。Within 30 minutes in front of the TV set, I am promptly informed about things ranging from important domestic events, the latest developments in industry and agriculture to the current international situation.坐在电视机前看三十分钟电视，我就可以迅速地获取从重大的国内事件、工农业上的最新发展到最新的国际形势等信息。
dominant ['dOminKnt] a. 1.占优势的, 支配的, 统治的2.居高临下的, 高耸的 【同】ruling; prevailing; predominant 【例】She’s the dominant child of the group. 她是这群孩子的孩子头。Peace was the dominant theme of the conference. 和平是大会的首要议题。The right hand is dominant in most people. 大多数人的右手是优势手。
dominate ['dOmineit] vt. 1.在...中占首要地位2.支配, 统治, 控制3.耸立于, 俯视 vi. 处于支配地位, 拥有优势 【例】He has authority, but he doesn't try to dominate others. 他有权威，但并不想控制别人。She dominated the meeting by sheer force of character. 她单凭个人气势就镇住了会场。The teacher dominates the 50-minute period and the students are refrained from airing their opinions no matter whether they agree or disagree with what the teacher says. 老师支配着课堂的五十分钟，无论学生们同意还是不同意老师的观点，他们都不能发表自己的意见。Some professors prefer to control discussion, while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. 有些教授喜欢控制讨论，而其他一些教授则喜欢引导学生讨论，而不是控制它。
donkey ['dONki] n. 驴 【例】He is as stubborn as a donkey. 他像驴子一样倔强。
doom [du:m] vt. 注定, 命定 n. 厄运, 劫数 【同】fate; destination; destiny 【例】A society that gives to one class all the opportunities for leisure, and to another all the burdens of work, dooms, both classes to spiritual sterility. 一个将闲暇的全部机会都给予一个阶级，劳作的全部重负都给予另一个的社会，注定了两个阶级都处于精神贫瘠。People sent the criminal to his doom. 人们将这个罪犯处死。Everyone is doomed to die. 每个人都是注定要死的。
doorway ['dO:wei] n.门口；出入口 【例】She stood in the doorway, unable to decide whether to go in. 她站在门口，拿不定主意是否进去。
dorm ['dO:m] n. =dormitory
dormitory ['dO:mitri] n. (集体)宿舍
dose [dKus] n. (一次)剂量, 一剂, 一份 【例】Take one dose of this cough syrup three times a day. 每天服三次这种止咳糖浆，每次服一剂量。In the accident, the workers received a heavy dose of radiation. 在这次事故中，工人受到大剂量的辐射。
doubtful ['dautfKl] a. 1.难以预测的, 未定的2.怀疑的, 可疑的 【例】Because of a long drought, the farmers are doubtful about the prospect of a good yield. 因为长时间的干旱，农民们对于好收成的前景是怀疑的。
dove [dVv] n. 1.鸽2.温和派人物, 鸽派人物
downward ['daunwKd] a. 向下的, 下行的 ad. [-(s)] 向下地, 下行地
doze [dKuz] n. 打瞌睡 【例】He dozed off during the sermon. 在做礼拜时，他打瞌睡。I had a quick doze on the train. 我在火车上打了一会儿瞌睡。
dragon ['dr<gKn] n. 龙 【例】Dragons are described as monsters in most western countries. 在大多数西方国家，龙被认为是怪物。
dramatic [drK'm<tik] a. 1.引人注目的, 突然的2.戏剧性的, 激动人心的3.戏剧的, 剧本的 n. [-s] 戏剧表演, 演剧活动 【同】tense; moving; exciting; sensational 【例】Has anyone ever seen a dramatic critic in the daytime? Of course not. They come out after dark, up to no good. 有谁在白天见过戏剧批评家吗？当然没有。他们天黑才露面，不做什么好事情。The play is a dramatic representation of a real event. 这出话剧改编出自真人真事。Her opening words were dramatic. 她的开场白非常激动人心。
drastic ['dr<stik] a. 1.严厉的, 极端的2.激烈的, 迅猛的 【同】extreme; radical; outlandish; strong 【例】Drastic measures have to be taken to restore order. 必须采取严格措施恢复秩序。
drift [drift] vi. 1.漂流, 漂2.漂泊, 游荡 n. 1.漂流, 漂流物2.大意, 主旨3.趋势, 转移 【例】A tiny fishing boat was drifting slowly along. 一只小小的渔船在缓缓地漂去。The road was edged with snow drifts. 路边上有一个个雪堆。
drunk [drVNk] a. 1.(酒)醉的2.陶醉的 【例】Several drunks lay on the floor. 好几个醉汉躺在地板上。
dubious ['dju:biKs] a. 1.怀疑的, 犹豫不决的, 无把握的2.有问题的, 靠不住的 【同】doubtful; indecisive; uncertain 【例】The police feel dubious of his motive. 警方怀疑他的动机。I feel dubious about his honesty. 我对他的诚实表示怀疑。I remain dubious about her motives. 我对她的动机仍存疑念。
dull [dVl] a. 1.乏味的, 单调的2.(色彩等)晦暗的, (天气等)阴沉的3.(声音等)低沉的, 沉闷的4.愚钝的, 笨的5.钝的 【例】This student is very dull. 这个学生非常愚钝。It's impossible to cut a pineapple with such a dull knife. 用一把这么钝的刀子切菠萝是不可能的。And the life in cities is never dull, for you could be near your friends and will never be cut off by weather conditions. 而且，城市生活永远不会令人感到单调，因为你离自己的朋友很近，而且不受天气变化的影响。
dumb [dVm] a. 1.哑的2.(因惊恐等)说不出话的, 沉默的 【例】We were struck dumb with horror and grief. 惊恐和忧伤使我们哑口无言。
duplicate ['dju:plikKt] n. 完全一样的东西, 复制品 a. 完全一样的, 复制的 vt. 1.复制, 复印2.重复 【同】reproduce; copy; repeat 【例】The director asked me to duplicate 20 copies of the document. 主任要我将文件复印20份。He gave me a duplicate key of his house. 他给了我另配了一套他房子的钥匙。This research merely duplicates work already done elsewhere. 这项研究仅仅是重复别人已经做过的工作。
durable ['djuKrKbl] a. 耐用的, 持久的 【同】enduring; lasting; long-wearing 【例】The next thing most like living one’s own life over again, seems to be recollection of that life; and to make that recollection as durable as possible the putting it down in writing. 最接近于将自己的一生重复一遍的事，似乎就是回忆这一生了。而要使这种回忆尽可能持久，就得用文字把它记下来。This pair of shoes is durable. 这双鞋很耐磨。
duration [dju'reiSn] n. 持续, 持续期间 【例】Well, I'm stuck here for the duration. 哎，这段时间我只得呆在这儿了。He finished the work of three years' duration. 他用三年的时间完成了这项工作。
dusk [dVsk] n. 薄暮, 黄昏 【例】The lights go on at dusk. 一到黄昏灯就亮了。He usually goes out for a walk at dusk. 他通常在黄昏时出去散步。
dwelling ['dweliN] n.住处，寓所
dye [dai] n. 染料 vt. 给...染色 【例】The wounded soldier's blood dyed the ground red. 受伤士兵的血染红了地面。A good dye will not fade. 染得好的颜色不会褪色。
dying ['daiiN] a.垂死的；临终的
dynamic [dai'n<mik] a. 1.有活力的, 强有力的2.不断变化(或增长)的3.动力的, 动态的 n.1.动力2.[-s] 动力学 【同】energetic; active; restless 【例】He has a dynamic personality. 他是个精力充沛的人。We are looking for dynamic persons to be salesmen. 我们正在寻找充满活力的销售人员。
dynamical [dai'n<mik] a. 1.动力的，动力学的；力学(上)的；动(态)的；起动的。
2.有力的，有生气的；能动的；(工作)效率高的。【例】
He is a man of a dynamic personality. 他性格活跃。 There is a dynamic atmosphere everywhere. 到处是生气勃勃的景象。 a dynamic population 动态人口。
dynasty ['dinKsti] n. 王朝, 朝代 【例】The Qing Dynasty ended in 1911. 清朝结束于1911年。How many dynasties are there in China's history? 中国历史上有多少个朝代？
E
eastward ['i:stwKd] a.& ad.向东的，向东 【例】The hospital is on the eastward slope of the hill. 医院在小山的东坡。He walked eastward. 他向东走去。
eclipse [i'klips] n. 1.(日、月)食2. (地位、声誉等的)消失, 黯然失色 vt. 1.（日、月）食, 遮掩(天体的)光2.使暗淡, 使失色, 使相形见绌 【同】obscure; shadow 【例】Cats are to dogs what modern people are to the people we used to have. Cats are slimmer, cleaner, more attractive, disloyal, and lazy. It’s easy to understand why the cat has eclipsed the dog as modern America’s favorite pet. People like pets to possess the same qualities they do. 猫之于狗等于现代人之于古人。猫更纤细，更爱干净，更有魅力，同时猫又最不忠而且懒散。但猫为何超越狗而成为现代美国人最受宠爱的动物不难理解。人们喜欢宠物的具有跟他们一样的品格。It was reported that there would be an annular eclipse tomorrow. 据报道说，明天有日环食。The moon is partly eclipsed. 月偏食了。Our happiness was soon eclipsed by the terrible news. 我们的快乐没多久就被可怕的消息蒙上了一层阴影。
ecology [i:'kOlKdZi] n. 1.生态2.生态学 【例】He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science. 他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。
economy [i'kOnKmi] n. 1.经济，经济制度，经济情况2.省俭，节约，充分利用 【例】Most of the countries in the region have unstable economies. 这个地区大多数国家的经济都不稳定。We are trying to make a few economies. 我们正想办法节省一些。
edible ['edibl] a. 可以吃的, 可食用的 【同】digestible; nutritious; eatable 【例】This food is scarcely edible. 这种食物算不上能吃。This food is scarcely edible. 这种食物真是难以下咽。These are edible wild berries. 这些野莓可以食用。
editorial [,edi'tO:riKl] a. 1.编辑的, 主笔的, 编者的2.社论的, 社论式的 n. (报刊的)社论, 重要评论 【例】I work in an editorial office. 我在编辑部工作。I have made a lot of editorial changes in their book. 我在他们的书上做了许多编辑上的修改。
effective [i'fektiv] a. 1.有效的, 生效的, 起作用的2.给人印象深刻的3.实际的, 事实上的 【例】When does the new system become effective?新制度何时生效？Their efforts to improve the production have been very effective. 他们提高生产力的措施卓有成效。That's rather an effective use of color. 这种使用颜色的手法效果相当好。
efficiency [i'fiSnsi] n. 效率, 效能, 功效 【例】Their labor efficiency is very high. 他们的工作效率很高。We must improve our efficiency as soon as possible. 我们必须尽快地提高工作效率。
efficient [i'fiSnt] a. 效率高的, 有能力的 【例】He's efficient at his job. 他胜任工作。This is a highly efficient new heating system. 这是个高效的新取暖系统。With their help, human beings’ life become much more convenient and efficient. 在它们的帮助下，人们的生活变得便捷而高效。
elaborate [i'l<bKrKt] a. 1.精心计划的, 详尽的2.复杂的 vi. 详述 vt. 1.详述2.详细制订 【同】detailed; laborious; ornamented 【例】They made an elaborate plan. 他拟定了一份详细计划。The curtains had an elaborate pattern of flowers. 窗帘上绘有精美的花卉图案。What you've told me of your plan sounds most interesting; would you care to elaborate? 你给我讲的这个计划很有意思，你能详细地谈一谈吗？
elastic [i'l<stik] n. 橡皮圈, 松紧带 a. 1.有弹性的, 有弹力的2.灵活的, 可伸缩的 【同】plastic; flexible 【例】Our plans are fairly elastic. 我们的计划相当灵活。Rubber is elastic. 橡皮是有弹性的。He has an elastic temperament. 他有开朗的性情。
electrician [i,lek'triSn] n. 电工, 电气技师
electrify [i'lektrifai] vt.使触电；使充电 【例】The athlete has an electrifying burst of speed. 这个运动员具有惊人的爆发速度。They are electrifying the battery. 他们正给电池充电。
electron [i'lektrOn] n. 电子
electronics [,ilek'trOniks] n. 电子学
elegant ['eligKnt] a. 1.优美的, 文雅的, 讲究的2.简练的, 简洁的 【例】The lady wears an elegant dark suit. 那位女士穿着雅致的深色套装。
element ['elimKnt] n. 1.元素2.成分, 要素, 元件3.[pl.] 基础, 纲要, 原理4.[pl.] 自然力 【例】Honesty, industry and kindness are elements of a good life. 诚实、勤劳和善良是幸福生活的要素。
elementary [,eli'mentKri] a. 1.基本的2.初级的, 基础的, 小学的 【例】The question is elementary. 这个问题很简单。My son is studying at an elementary school. 我儿子在一家小学上学。
elevate ['eliveit] vt. 1.提升...的职位, | |
